激光清洗钢件表面油污的工艺研究  

Technological study on oil stains on steel surface by laser cleaning

作　　者：田川 刘洪波 潘家莹 杨鸿汇 陈雪宁 白晓磊 TIAN Chuan;LIU Hongbo;PAN Jiaying;YANG Honghui;CHEN Xuening;BAI Xiaolei(School of Physical Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学物理科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《激光技术》2024年第4期565-571,共7页Laser Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(62265013);内蒙古自治区关键技术攻关计划资助项目(2021GG0274);内蒙古大学校级大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(202212241)。

摘　　要：为了探究激光工艺对钢件表面油污层清洗质量的影响规律,采用脉冲激光器对Q235钢板试样进行了激光除污清洗试验,并检测了试样表面清洗质量和损伤情况。理论分析了清洗过程中激光束对油污层和基体钢件作用的机理与效果,建立了激光热效应模型,通过仿真计算与实验,分析出离焦程度对基体表面温度的影响程度;实验验证了激光清洗工艺中不同离焦程度下对Q235钢件表面油污的去除效果和钢件表面的损伤效果。结果表明,激光清洗Q235钢件表面油污层的最优工艺参数是离焦程度为5 mm,平均功率为4 W,可见离焦程度因素对清洗效果的影响远大于激光功率因素。该研究为金属表面油污处理工艺和激光清洗提供了一定参考。In order to investigate the influence of laser process on the cleaning quality of oil contamination layer on the surface of steel parts,a laser decontamination cleaning test was carried out on a Q235 steel plate specimen by using a pulsed laser,and the cleaning quality and damage of the specimen surface were detected.The mechanism and effect of the laser beam on the oil contamination layer and substrate steel in the cleaning process were theoretically analyzed,a laser thermal effect model was established,and the influence of the degree of defocusing on the surface temperature of the substrate through simulation calculation and test were analyzed.The removal effect of oil contamination on the surface of Q235 steel parts and the damage effect on the surface of steel parts under different defocusing degree in the laser cleaning process were respectively verified by the test.The results show that the optimal process parameters of laser cleaning of oil contamination layer on the surface of Q235 steel parts is that the defocusing degree is 5 mm,and the average power is 4 W.The influence of defocusing degree on the cleaning effect is much bigger than that of the laser power factor.This study provides some reference for the oil treatment process and laser cleaning of metal surfaces.

关 键 词：激光技术 激光清洗 除油污 Q235钢 无损清洗 激光参量 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学] TG176[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]