复合绝缘材料用连续玄武岩纤维老化特性及机理  

Aging Characteristics and Mechanism of Continuous Basalt Fibers Used in Composite Insulation Materials

作　　者：刘云鹏[1] 张铭嘉 于红[1] 马龙 符小桃 刘贺晨[1] LIU Yunpeng;ZHANG Mingjia;YU Hong;MA Long;FU Xiaotao;LIU Hechen(Hebei Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient New Electrical Materials and Equipment,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,China;Key Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Analysis for Electric Power of Hainan Province,Haikou 570100,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学河北省绿色高效电工新材料与设备重点实验室,保定071003 [2]海南省电网理化分析重点实验室,海口570100

出　　处：《高电压技术》2024年第8期3598-3606,共9页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52007062);中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目(073000KK52200014)。

摘　　要：探究连续玄武岩纤维在各类介质环境下的稳定性对于拓展其在复合绝缘材料上的应用至关重要。为此,文中比对了10组不同产地的连续玄武岩纤维与无碱玻璃纤维在酸性环境、碱性环境、富盐环境以及高温富盐环境下的老化特征差异,分析了连续玄武岩纤维的老化机理,通过灰色关联分析明确了构成玄武岩纤维耐候性的关键成分。结果表明:超过50%的玄武岩纤维样本拥有优于无碱玻璃纤维的耐盐碱环境的能力;碱性环境下,Si、Al、B元素与OH−的反应性造成两类纤维损伤,其中玄纤由于内部高含量的Ca、Mg,更易形成氢氧化物附着于纤维表面,降低了损伤程度;富盐环境下纤维表层的Ca、Na、K等元素扩散至溶液,导致了纤维表层结构疏松,且在介质渗透溶胀的作用下形成缺陷,致使两类纤维强度同步下降,但在老化周期内玄武岩纤维仍呈现出更高的力学特征。综上,玄武岩纤维更适于应用在盐碱重污秽地区的中低压复合绝缘产品或高力学需求的电工材料。Exploring the stability of continuous basalt fibers in various media environments is crucial for expanding their application in composite insulation materials.We compared the aging characteristics of ten groups of continuous basalt fibers from different origins with E-glass fibers in acidic,alkaline,salt-rich,and high-temperature salt-rich environments.The aging mechanism of continuous basalt fibers was analyzed,and the key components that contribute to the weathering resistance of basalt fibers were identified through grey correlation analysis.The results indicate that over 50%of basalt fiber samples have better salt alkali resistance than E-glass fibers.In alkaline environments,the reactivity of Si,Al,and B elements with OH−may cause two types of fiber damage.Among them,basalt fiber has a relatively low degree of damage due to the high content of Ca and Mg forming the hydroxide attached to the fiber surface.Under salt-rich environments,elements such as Ca,Na,K on the surface of fibers escape into the solution,resulting in a loose surface structure of the fibers and the formation of defects under the action of medium infiltration and swelling,thus the strength of the two types of fibers will synchronously decrease.However,basalt fibers still exhibit higher mechanical characteristics.In summary,basalt fibers are more suitable for application in medium and low-voltage composite insulation products or electrical ma-terials with high mechanical requirements in saline alkali-polluted areas.

关 键 词：玄武岩纤维 无碱玻璃纤维 关联分析 老化 性能对比 

分 类 号：TM21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]