故宫木结构建筑用材树种概述——兼论故宫古建筑由明至清的用材变化  

An Overview of the Tree Species and the Changes Used in the Timber Architectures of the Forbidden City through the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

作　　者：张琼[1] 陈勇平[2] 赵鹏[1] Zhang Qiong;Chen Yongping;Zhao Peng

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院古建部 [2]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2024年第8期53-74,156,共23页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划“明清官式建筑营造技艺科学认知与本体保护关键技术研究与示范”项目“明清官式建筑材料科学化认知研究”课题(项目编号:2020YFC1522402)的部分研究成果。

摘　　要：本文以故宫博物院近年在与中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所合作过程中所取得的大量木构件用材树种鉴定数据为基础,对故宫木结构建筑用材树种加以概述,并介绍了楠木、硬木松、落叶松等几种主要用材在明清宫殿建筑中的使用情况。此外,还以紫禁城中一些建造年代相对明确的个体为标本,分析了建筑的用材模式,尝试归纳故宫古建筑由明至清的用材变化规律,从而将用材特点作为建筑年代认知的一个补充视角,以期更好地解读故宫古建筑所蕴含的历史信息和重要价值。Based on the large amount of tree species identification data for wood components gathered in recent years by the Palace Museum in cooperation with the Institute of Wood Industry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry,this paper summarizes the tree species used in the timber structures of the Forbidden City,and introduces the uses of several major woods such as nanmu,hardwood pine,and larch in the palace buildings of the Ming and Qing dynasties.In addition,it takes the specific cases with relatively definite construction dates as specimens to analyze the material patterns of buildings trying to find out the law of changes in the woods used in the palace buildings through the Ming to the Qing dynasties.It intends to use the properties of the woods as a supplementary perspective to recognize the construction age for better aware of the historical messages and important value embodied in the historical architectures of the Forbidden City.

关 键 词：故宫 古建筑 树种鉴定 用材变化 

分 类 号：TU366.2[建筑科学—结构工程]