中原北方宋金时期仿木构砖室墓的营建类型及技法特征刍议  

On the Construction Types and Techniques Characteristics of the Wood-Like Brick-Chambered Tombs in the Northern Central Plains of the Song-Jin Period

作　　者：俞莉娜 Yu Lina

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心 [2]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2024年第8期102-117,157,158,共18页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“晋东南地区13至15世纪的寺庙建筑——基于跨学科视野的科学断代及形制技术、社会信仰研究”(项目编号:52208001);国家社科基金重大项目“两宋建筑史料编年研究”(项目编号:19ZDA199)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文关注中原北方宋金时期仿木构砖室墓中的砖作营造系统,从砖雕装饰、砖雕仿木构两方面的加工建造特征出发,将宋金仿木构砖室墓分为以条砖为主、部分模件化和高度模件化三种营建方式,并以桌椅和对坐装饰为例,复原讨论了不同营建方式下砖室墓的建造工序。作者认为,砖室墓营建方式的差异与其技术传播方式和工匠组织有关。在以条砖为主的营建方式下,砖作技术依赖口诀传播,或体现了北宋小农生产下的兼业活动的历史背景;而在高度模件化的营建方式下,砖作技术转而以摹本的形式传播,是北宋晚期及金代工匠组织形式变化的历史见证。This thesis discusses the construction system of the wood-like brick-chambered tombs in the northern Central Plains during the Song and Jin dynasties concerning the decoration and the timbered-imitated structure of the brick-reliefs,typing them into three architecture modes:mainly narrow-bricked,partially modularized and highly modularized,demonstrating with a decorative occasion of a table and chairs opposite seated as an example to analyze the construction process for different modes,coming to the idea that the different modes represent the way the applied technology is disseminated and the craftsmen involved.The techniques applied to the narrow-brick tombs is word-of-mouth spreading,which meanwhile reflects the small farming class are participated in the parttime construction activities during the Northern-Song period.As for the highly modularized mode of the tomb construction,the techniques is transmitted by model,which symbolizes the development of professional handicrafts in the late Northern-Song and the Jin dynasties.

关 键 词：宋金时期 仿木构砖室墓 营造技术 工匠组织 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K244[历史地理—历史学] K246.4