圆弧锯形仿生PDC齿的破岩机理及钻头钻进分析  

Rock Breaking Mechanism and Bit Drilling Analysis of Circular Arc Saw Bionic PDC Cutter

作　　者：吴泽兵 袁若飞 张文溪 刘家乐 胡诗尧 姜雯 WU Ze-bing;YUAN Ruo-fei;ZHANG Wen-xi;LIU Jia-le;HU Shi-yao;JIANG Wen(College of Mechanical Engineering,Xi’an Shiyou University,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学机械工程学院,西安710065

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2024年第24期10280-10286,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家油气钻井装备工程技术研究中心基金(Z2057);陕西省重点研发计划(2022KW-10);西安石油大学研究生创新与实践能力培养计划(YCS23114160)。

摘　　要：为进一步提升聚晶金刚石复合片(polycrystalline diamond composite, PDC)钻头在深部硬地层的钻井性能,抑制黏滞滑动现象的发生,以鼹鼠爪趾为原型,在仿生相似原理和锯形齿结构基础上提出一种圆弧锯形仿生齿。基于弹塑性力学和有限元非线性动力学理论建立了切削齿、钻头破岩的仿真模型,对比锯形齿与圆弧锯形齿的破岩过程,并对比了布置两种齿形钻头的整体钻进过程。结果表明:圆弧锯形齿破碎岩石主要以犁削和铲削为主,能够将载荷集中一点,更容易达到岩石的屈服极限,同时使岩石受拉应力更容易破碎,相比锯形齿所受切削力减小15.8%,效率更高。使用圆弧锯形仿生PDC齿的钻头破岩量更大,进尺提升明显,所受扭矩更小,能有效解决钻头的黏滞滑动。研究结果对国内高性能钻头的设计具有重要参考价值。In order to further improve the drilling performance of polycrystalline diamond composite(PDC)bit in deep hard formation and restrain the occurrence of the viscous sliding phenomenon,a circular saw-shaped imitation tooth based on the bionic similarity principle and saw-shaped tooth structure was proposed based on the mole claw toe as the prototype.Based on elastic-plastic mechanics and finite element nonlinear dynamics theory,a simulation model of rock breaking of cutter and bit was established.The rock-breaking process of the serrated tooth and circular serrated tooth was compared,and the whole drilling process of the two kinds of serrated bit was compared.The results show that the circular arc sawing teeth are mainly used to break rock by plow and shovel,which can concentrate the load,reach the yield limit of rock more easily,and make the rock more easily broken by tensile stress.The cutting force is reduced by 15.8%compared with the sawing teeth,and the efficiency is higher.The bit with a circular saw bionic PDC teeth can break more rock,improve the footage significantly,and suffer less torque,which can effectively solve the viscous sliding of the bit.The research results have important reference values for the design of high-performance drill bits in China.

关 键 词：聚晶金刚石复合片(PDC)钻头 仿生 仿真 有限元 破岩 

分 类 号：TE921.1[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]