习俗在彩礼返还纠纷裁判中的适用--基于2024年度210份公开裁判文书的分析  

The Application of Customs in Adjudication of Dowries Return Disputes-Analysis Based on 210 Public Judgment Documents in 2024

作　　者：林星宇 Xingyu Lin(School of Law,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学法学院,江苏镇江

出　　处：《法学（汉斯）》2024年第8期5379-5385,共7页Open Journal of Legal Science

摘　　要：习俗作为彩礼返还纠纷案件中重要的考量因素,在2024年2月1日出台的《最高人民法院关于审理涉彩礼纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》中被多次提及。通过对2024年度210份公开裁判文书的实证分析,发现习俗在彩礼返还纠纷案件的适用中,往往成为法院减轻办案压力与论证负担的工具,使得彩礼习俗仅仅停留在概括性、抽象性、概念性层面上,而缺乏实质意义。对此,各地法院应针对彩礼习俗进行文义解释、体系解释、历史解释,尤其是强化社会学解释与目的解释,通过典型案例统一彩礼的范围和合理数额以及不同情形下的返还比例,也可以通过走访调研纠纷长老,规定近几年彩礼纠纷案中适用的固定习俗,统一裁判标准,避免同一地区同案不同判现象,以此优化法官的自由裁量权,更好地发挥习俗在彩礼返还纠纷中的考量功能。Customs,as an important consideration factor in dowries return disputes,have been repeatedly mentioned in the“Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Applica-tion of Law in the Trial of Dowries Return Disputes”issued on February 1,2024.Through empirical analysis of 210 public judgment documents in 2024,it was found that customs often become a tool for courts to reduce the pressure and burden of case handling and argumentation in the application of dowry return dispute cases,resulting in dowry customs only remaining at a general,abstract,and conceptual level,lacking substantive significance.In this regard,courts in various regions should provide cultural,systematic,and historical interpretations of the custom of dowries,especially by strengthening sociological and purposive interpretations.Through typical cases,the scope and rea-sonable amount of dowries,as well as the return ratio in different situations,can be unified.It is also possible to visit and research dispute elders,establish fixed customs applicable in dowries dis-pute cases in recent years,unify judgment standards,and avoid the phenomenon of different judg-ments in the same region and case,in order to optimize the discretion of judges and better play the role of customs in dowries return disputes.

关 键 词：彩礼返还纠纷 习俗 司法适用 民法解释 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]