通用人工智能的数据风险及法治应对路径  

The Data Risk and Legal Response Path of Artificial General Intelligence

作　　者：马治国[1] 张楠 MA Zhiguo;ZANG Nan(School of Law,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《北京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期131-142,共12页Journal of Beijing University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国法学会民法学研究会青年学者研究项目(2023MFXH006)。

摘　　要：ChatGPT的横空出世拉开了通用人工智能的时代序幕。通用人工智能迭代泛化能力的实现依托于海量数据,其运行全程与数据深度耦合,伴生了新的数据风险,且随着模型的普适化应用可能演化为现实威胁并产生严重后果。运用“全周期管理”理念剖析通用人工智能的输入、加工、输出环节存在的数据风险,包括多源数据违规获取风险、数据利用存储安全风险、数据虚假生成质量风险。在此基础上,围绕法律规制、伦理引导和行政监管的三重路径构建数据风险治理框架,提出中国应从完善保护利用并举的数据法律制度、健全科技向善导向的技术伦理规范、设计注重风险防控的行政监管规则等方面,化解模型“输入—加工—输出”进程中产生的数据风险,从而推动通用人工智能的良性健康发展。The emergence of ChatGPT marked the beginning of the era of artificial general intelligence.The implementation of artificial general intelligence′s iterative generalization ability relies on massive data,which is deeply coupled with the data throughout its operation,accompanied by new data risks,and may evolve into real threats and serious consequences with the widespread application of the model.Using the concept of"full cycle management"to analyze the data risks in the input,processing,and output stages of artificial general intelligence,including the risk of illegal acquisition of multi-source data,security risks in data utilization and storage,and quality risks in data false generation.On this basis,a data risk governance framework is constructed around the triple path of legal regulation,ethical guidance,and administrative supervision.It is proposed that China should improve the legal system for data protection and utilization,establish technical ethical norms guided by science and technology,and design administrative regulatory rules that focus on risk prevention and control to resolve the data risks generated in the process of model"input—processing—output",thereby promoting the healthy development of artificial general intelligence.

关 键 词：通用人工智能 ChatGPT 数据安全 风险管控 法律治理 

分 类 号：D922.17[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] TP18[政治法律—法学]