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机构地区:[1]农业农村部农村经济研究中心,100810 [2]国务院发展研究中心市场经济研究所,100010
出 处:《中国房地产金融》2024年第4期45-51,共7页China Real Estate Finance
摘 要:住房补贴政策工具一般包括供给侧的补房以及需求侧的补钱、补券三类。从政策效率来看,补房、补券等住房专项补贴的政府支出成本高于直接补钱,但对住房福利的改善程度优于补钱。补券和补房均在一定程度上导致社会总体效益的无谓损失,但补券在缓解社会分割、提升合意租赁住房供应以及促进职住平衡方面的效果要优于补房。从政策适用条件来看,发达经济体住房补贴政策的演变历史表明,补房是住房总体短缺时的合理策略,住房总体短缺显著缓解后,补券可作为精准的租赁支持政策,而补钱则主要着眼于改善贫困家庭的整体生活水平。面对供求关系的历史性新变化,不同城市住房保障策略选择需因地制宜、因时制宜:在住房缺口较大城市的首要任务是补房,但要重视盘活存量;在住房供求总体平衡或住房供过于求的城市不妨试点补券;对于贫困的低收入家庭重点是补钱。The methods commonly used in housing subsidy policies include supply-side houses,demand-side cash,and rental vouchers.From the policy efficiency perspective,the government spending associated with special housing subsidies,such as houses subsides and rental vouchers,exceeds that of cash.However,the enhancement in housing welfare is greater with these subsidies compared to cash.Both rental voucher and houses subsides lead to some avoidable reduction in overall social benefits,but rental voucher surpasses houses subsides in terms of mitigating social segmentation,enhancing the availability of suitable rental housing,and fostering job-housing balance.Regarding the criterion for policy application,the development of housing subsidy programs in developed nations shows that increasing housing supply is a viable solution when there is a significant reduction in the overall scarcity of housing.Once the housing crisis has significantly diminished,replacement rental vouchers might be employed as an exact rental assistance program,with the main objective of enhancing the living conditions of destitute households by cash.Considering the significant changes in the supply and demand dynamics,it is crucial to adapt housing security strategies to local conditions and current circumstances.In cities with a substantial housing shortage,the primary focus should be on increasing the housing stock,while also paying attention to revitalizing existing properties.Rental vouchers may be adopted in cities where there is a generally balanced housing supply and demand,or in locations where there is an oversupply of housing.For poor low-income households,the policy focus is on providing cash.
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