湖北省优质稻适宜栽培期的区划研究  

Study on Regionalization of Suitable Cultivation Period of High Quality Rice in Hubei ProvinceRegionalization of Suitable Cultivation Period of High Quality Rice in Hubei Province

作　　者：杨青青 穆麒麟 刘越 胡玉婷 刘洋旋 严鹏 陈龙周 田小海[1,3] 黄永平 YANG Qing-qing;MU Qi-lin;LIU Yue;HU Yu-ting;LIU Yang-xuan;YAN Peng;CHEN Long-zhou;TIAN Xiao-hai;HUANG Yong-ping(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Jingzhou Agro-meteorology Experimental Station,Jingzhou 434020,China;Yangtze University/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrialization of Major Grain Crops,Jingzhou 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]荆州农业气象试验站,湖北荆州434020 [3]主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2024年第8期1821-1832,共12页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBB060);荆州市气象局科技发展基金(JZ202402)。

摘　　要：湖北省优质稻灌浆期常在高温下完成,品质和产量显著降低。开展优质稻气候适宜性区划,规划优质稻在不同地区的合理灌浆期,是发展优质稻的一项基础工作。在前期研究基础上,以湖北省75个国家级气象观测站1991~2020年的逐日气象资料,采用5d滑动平均法确定各地水稻灌浆期的高温、缓温和适温等3类适宜界限日期;以各地缓温和适温栽培期时长为主指标,采用模糊聚类统计方法完成湖北省不同区域优质稻适宜栽培期类型划分,并对不同区域影响优质稻的主要气象资源条件进行了比较分析。结果表明,不同区域适宜栽培期的季节分布和时间长短各不相同,湖北省全域上适于优质稻灌浆的时间普遍较短,是其发展优质稻的一个重大缺陷。湖北省优质稻适宜栽培期可分为4个区域,分别为鄂西山地短季优质稻区,鄂西北适温高光优质稻区,鄂中东高温秋短优质稻区和鄂东南高温秋长优质稻区。该区划图在地理上呈现出由东南向西北的鱼鳞状次第衔接分布。其中,前二区域适于和较适于优质稻。不同区域发展优质稻在气候上的差异,主要可以归结为气温及其适宜性栽培期限和日照时数及光热熵等参数的差异。总之,湖北省优质稻产业应将抗热避热和区域合理布局作为其技术发展的重点。The filling stage of high-quality rice in Hubei Province is often completed under high temperature,which significantly reduces the quality and yield.Carrying out climate suitability zoning for high-quality rice and planning the reasonable grouting period of high-quality rice in different areas is a basic work for the development of high-quality rice.In this study,the daily meteorological data of 75 national meteorological observation stations in Hubei Province from 1991 to 2020 were used.The 5d sliding average method was adopted to determine the three types of suitable boundary dates of high temperature,gentle temperature,and suitable temperature for the filling stage of rice in different regions.Using the length of gentle temperature and suitable temperature cultivation period as the main index,the fuzzy clustering statistical method was used to complete the type of suitable cultivation period for high-quality rice in different regions in Hubei Province,and the impacts of different regions on high-quality rice were analyzed.The results showed that the seasonal distribution and duration of suitable cultivation period in different regions were different.The time suitable for quality rice irrigation in the whole region of Hubei Province was generally shorter,which was a major defect in the development of quality rice.The suitable cultivation period of high-quality rice in Hubei Province could be divided into four regions,which included the short season high-quality rice area in the mountainous areas of western Hubei,the high temperature and high light high-quality rice area in northwestern Hubei,the high temperature and short autumn high-quality rice area in central and eastern Hubei,and the high temperature and long autumn high-quality rice area in southeastern Hubei.The zoning map geographically presented a fish scale-like sub-distribution from southeast to northwest.Among them,the first two regions weresuitable and more suitable for high-quality rice.The differences in climate between different regions in the de

关 键 词：优质稻 栽培期 区划 灌浆期 气象学 

分 类 号：S162.2[农业科学—农业气象学]