面向内河船舶过坝拥堵的差异化收费与翻坝补贴策略研究  

Research on differentiated charging and dam overturning subsidy strategies for inland river ship overflow congestion

作　　者：高攀[1] 张雪莹 赵旭[1] GAO Pan;ZHANG Xueying;ZHAO Xu(College of Economics and Management,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学经济与管理学院,宜昌443002

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2024年第8期2682-2699,共18页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72271142);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划(T2022006)。

摘　　要：针对由水利枢纽引发的内河通航拥堵问题,引入差异化拥堵收费与翻坝补贴机制,以优化船舶过坝策略.首先,分析了“过闸+翻坝”双模式过坝系统的联动机制和服务规律;然后,将船舶待闸成本嵌入经典的瓶颈模型,并基于过坝船舶的时间差异,探索了异质性拥堵收费机制,以此提出四种翻坝补贴方案,从而优化过坝系统的货运分流策略;最后,以三峡枢纽为例,验证了模型与机制的有效性.结果表明:在异质性拥堵收费下,两种过坝方式的固定成本差与出发时间偏好会对船主的过坝决策产生综合影响.在四种翻坝补贴方案中,拥堵费收入全部补贴给选择间接翻坝船主,可实现翻坝船舶数量最大化,但会损害选择直接翻坝船主的利益;而兼顾效率与公平的补贴方案,可在不损害各方利益的同时,较大限度地促进船主选择间接翻坝转运方式,从而有效缓解水利枢纽通航拥堵.In response to the problem of inland waterway navigation congestion caused by water conservancy hubs,a differentiated congestion charging and dam overturning subsidy mechanism is introduced to optimize the strategy of ship crossing the dam.Firstly,the linkage mechanism and service law of the“gate+dam flipping”dual mode dam crossing system were analyzed;Then,the cost of waiting for the ship to lock is embedded into the classic bottleneck model,and based on the time difference of the passing ship,a heterogeneous congestion charging mechanism is explored.Four subsidy schemes for dam overturning are proposed to optimize the freight diversion strategy of the dam system;Finally,taking the Three Gorges Dam as an example,the effectiveness of the model and mechanism was verified.The results show that under the heterogeneous congestion charge,the fixed cost difference and departure time preference of the two dam crossing modes will have a comprehensive impact on the decision of the ship owner to cross the dam.Among the four subsidy schemes for dam overturning,the congestion fee income is fully subsidized to the owners of indirect dam overturning ships,which can maximize the number of dam overturning ships,but will harm the interests of the owners of direct dam overturning ships;A subsidy scheme that balances efficiency and fairness can greatly promote shipowners to choose indirect dam overturning transportation methods without harming the interests of all parties,thereby effectively alleviating navigation congestion in water conservancy hubs.

关 键 词：水路运输 通航拥堵 瓶颈模型 异质性拥堵收费 翻坝补贴 

分 类 号：U641.7[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]