两株黑曲霉生长代谢能力与浸出富钾页岩效果的比较分析  

Comparison of the Growth and Metabolic Capacity of Two Strains of Aspergillus niger and Their Leaching Effectiveness on Potassium-rich shale

作　　者：包麒钰 刘鹏 付奇伟 于志楠 陈浩 曹飞 孙德四 BAO Qi-yu;LIU Peng;FU Qi-wei;YU Zhi-nan;CHEN Hao;CAO Fei;SUN De-si(Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Ecological Chemical Industry,Jiujiang 332005,China;Library,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang,332005,China;State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省生态化工工程技术研究中心,江西九江332005 [2]九江学院图书馆,江西九江332005 [3]矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100070

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第4期1022-1030,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360064,51264014);矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室开放基金项目(BGRIMMKJSKL-2022-13)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】研究两株不同来源Aspergillus niger菌种(MQ013、MQ039)对富钾页岩中K、Fe、Si、Al等主要元素的溶出动力学差异,并结合菌种的生长代谢特性,探明菌种选择性浸出矿物中主要元素的可能生物化学机制。【方法】通过在Czapek’s培养基中摇瓶培养考察菌株生长代谢特性与浸矿实验效果;培养液中的有机酸、蛋白质与多糖分别采用HPLC、苯酚-硫酸法与考马斯亮蓝G-250试剂盒进行测定;采用ICP-AES方法测定浸矿上清液中的K、Fe、Si、Al等金属离子的含量;矿物表面形貌特征及矿物组成分别采用SEM-EDS与XRD进行分析确定。【结果】MQ013具有较强代谢产苹果酸、酒石酸和琥珀酸的能力,而产胞外多糖和蛋白质能力弱于MQ039,其培养液中以上各代谢产物最大值分别为118.25、78.88、60.12、5920、5.29 mg L^(-1);MQ039不产酒石酸与琥珀酸,但代谢产柠檬酸、草酸、胞外多糖与蛋白质的能力较MQ013强,培养液中以上各代谢产物最大值分别可达91.20、85.21、9100、6.44mg L^(-1);MQ013对富钾页岩中Si的浸出选择性要明显好于MQ039,其浸出液中SiO_(2)的含量是MQ039的1.60倍,而MQ039对Al、K、Fe的浸出选择性要明显强于MQ013,其浸出液中Al_(2)O_(3)、K_(2)O和Fe_(2)O_(3)的浓度分别是MQ013的1.82、1.17和1.22倍。【结论】同种菌株由于生长环境不同会导致其存在一定的生长代谢特性差异。两株黑曲霉MQ013与MQ039之间代谢产物的组分与分泌量差异是影响其选择性浸出富钾页岩中K、Fe、Al、Si等元素效率的关键因素,其中蛋白质与多糖对黑曲霉选择性浸出K和Fe有利,而苹果酸与柠檬酸可分别促进黑曲霉优先释放Si与Al。[Objective]The dissolution kinetics of K,Fe,Si and Al elements in potassium-rich shale by two Aspergillus niger strains(MQ013 and MQ039)from different sources were studied.Combined with the growth and metabolism characteristics of the strains,the possible biochemical mechanism of selective leaching of main elements in minerals by the strains was explored.[Method]The growth and metabolism characteristics of the strain and the effect of bioleaching experiment were investigated by shake flask culture in Czapek’s medium.The organic acids,proteins and polysaccharides in the culture medium were determined by HPLC,phenol sulfuric acid method and Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 kit.The contents of K,Fe,Si and Al ions were determined with ICP-AES.The surface morphology and mineral composition of minerals were analyzed and determined with SEM-EDS and XRD.[Result]MQ013 has a strong metabolic ability to produce malic acid,tartaric acid,and succinic acid,while its ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides and proteins was weaker than that of MQ039.The maximum values of the above metabolites in its culture medium were 118.25,78.88,60.12,5920,and 5.29 mg L^(−1),respectively.MQ039 does not produce tartaric acid and succinic acid,but has a stronger ability to metabolize citric acid,oxalic acid,extracellular polysaccharides,and proteins compared to MQ013.The maximum values of the above metabolites in the culture medium can reach 91.20,85.21,9100,and 6.44 mg L^(−1),respectively.The leaching selectivity of MQ013 to Si in potassium-rich shale is significantly better than MQ039.The content of SiO_(2) in the leaching solution is 1.60 times of MQ039,while the leaching selectivity of MQ039 to Al,K and Fe is significantly stronger than MQ013.The concentrations of Al_(2)O_(3),K_(2)O and Fe_(2)O_(3) in the leaching solution were 1.82,1.17 and 1.22 times of MQ013,respectively.[Conclusion]Different growth environments of the same strain can lead to certain differences in their growth and metabolic characteristics.The composition a

关 键 词：富钾页岩 曲霉真菌 活性钾 选择性浸出 生物化学机制 

分 类 号：TD925.5[矿业工程—选矿] Q939.97[生物学—微生物学]