耐硒微生物的筛选及其对硒富集和土壤硒活化能力研究  

Screening of Selenite-tolerant Microorganisms and Their Capacities for Enriching Selenite and Activating Soil Selenium

作　　者：王明释 蒋代华[2] 陈远权 黄雪娇 WANG Ming-shi;JIANG Dai-hua;CHEN Yuan-quan;HUANG Xue-jiao(Guangxi Institute of South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences,Longzhou 532415,China;College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西龙州532415 [2]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530005

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第4期1031-1040,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学地区基金项目(41967006);广西自然科学基金重点项目(2018GXNSFDA281035)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出高耐亚硒酸盐并对土壤硒素活化效率高的微生物资源。【方法】采用稀释平板法分离微生物、含硒平板划线法筛选耐硒菌株,利用16S rDNA基因序列分析鉴定菌株,通过将菌株添加到含硒液体培养基中测定其硒富集率。将菌株添加至富硒土壤中,测定培养前后土壤理化性质变化,评价菌株活化土壤硒的能力。【结果】筛选出两株细菌可耐亚硒酸盐浓度高达500 mmol L^(-1),16S rDNA鉴定菌株分别为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens QZB-1)和彭氏变形杆菌(Proteus penneri LAB-1)。在pH=5~10、温度15~40℃、NaCl<10%条件下两株细菌均能生长。两株细菌均具有较高的亚硒酸盐富集率,其中粘质沙雷氏菌完全富集2 mmol L^(-1)SeO_(3)^(2-)仅需18 h。将两株耐硒细菌制成菌悬液添加到土壤中,均能提高土壤pH值和土壤有效硒含量。两株细菌能改变土壤的硒形态分布,降低土壤中有机结合态硒含量,提高水溶态硒和可交换态硒的含量,其中两株细菌混合施用对土壤的水溶态硒和可交换态硒含量的提高最显著。【结论】从广西富硒土壤中筛选出两株高耐亚硒酸盐的微生物,其拥有较高的硒富集和提高土壤硒有效性的能力,可为富硒土壤资源的开发利用提供微生物资源。[Objective]The aims were to screen microorganisms with high resistance to selenite and to efficiently activate selenium(Se)in soil.[Method]Dilution plate technique was used to isolate microorganisms,and Se containing streak method was used to screen selenite-tolerant strains.The identification of strains was used by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis.The determination of selenite enrichment rate was by adding strains to liquid culture medium containing selenite.The strains were added to Se-rich soil,in order to determine the changes in physical and chemical properties of soil,and to evaluate the capacities of the strains to activate Se in soil.[Result]Two screened strains had high resistance to selenite(up to 500 mmol L^(−1)).The 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis confirmed that the strains were Serratia marcescens QZB-1 and Proteus penneri LAB-1.Two strains could grow under conditions of pH=5-10,temperature 15-40℃,and NaCl<10%.All strains had a high Selenite enrichment rate.Serratia marcescens QZB-1 fully enriched 2 mmol L^(−1) SeO_(3)^(2−) in only 18 hours.After adding two selenite-tolerant bacteria to the soil,the pH value and available Se content of the soil were significantly increased.Two strains altered the distribution of Se forms in soil by reducing the content of organic binding Se and increasing the content of Soluble Se and Exchangeable Se.It is a remarkable fact that the significant increase in the content of Soluble Se and Exchangeable Se in soil was caused by the simultaneous application of two strains.[Conclusion]Two strains with high Selenite tolerance were screened from Se-rich soil in Guangxi.which can provide microbial resources for the development and utilization of Serich soil.

关 键 词：耐硒菌 粘质沙雷氏菌 彭氏变形杆菌 硒富集 土壤硒活化 

分 类 号：S154.39[农业科学—土壤学]