叶面肥与竹炭有机肥对土壤-稻虾系统镉吸收的影响及其健康评价  

Effects of Foliar Fertilizer and Bamboo Charcoal Organic Fertilizer on Cadmium Uptake in Soil-Rice-Shrimp System and Its Health Evaluation

作　　者：肖罗长 倪才英[1] 黎衍亮 刘鑫 简敏菲[2] XIAO Luo-chang;NI Cai-ying;LI Yan-liang;LIU Xin;JIAN Min-fei(College of Geography and Environment,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China;College of Life Science,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学地理与环境学院,江西南昌330022 [2]江西师范大学生命科学学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第4期1099-1109,共11页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42167006);江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(JXARS-12-环境控制)。

摘　　要：【目的】为探究不同修复材料对镉(Cd)污染稻虾种养系统的修复效果。【方法】本研究以南方稻虾田为对象,设计了叶面肥和竹炭有机肥及其组合共6组不同处理类型(对照CK,T1为叶面喷施硒肥,T2为叶面喷施L-半胱氨酸,T3为竹炭有机肥,T4为竹炭有机肥+硒肥,T5为竹炭有机肥+L-半胱氨酸);测定土壤pH值、有机质、土壤不同形态Cd含量、水稻植株各部位以及小龙虾Cd含量;运用结合强度指数、迁移率指数、潜在生态风险指数和膳食风险指数分别对土壤、水稻各部位、小龙虾Cd污染风险进行评价。【结果】T3~T5处理土壤pH值、有机质较CK处理显著上升,上升幅度分别为5.71%~6.12%和3.28%~4.23%。DTPA提取态Cd含量处理显著下降,下降率分别为18.46%、19.81%和17.59%。土壤酸可提取态分布比例显著下降、残渣态分布比例显著上升,有效降低了土壤中Cd的生物有效性和迁移性。此外,T1~T5处理水稻植株根、茎、叶、稻米Cd含量较CK处理显著下降,降幅分别为18.28%~84.68%、26.92%~93.08%、21.79%~88.46%和27.76%~96.84%。各处理的稻米膳食风险指数及水稻植株潜在生态风险指数顺序为CK>T3>T1>T2>T5>T4。【结论】施加竹炭有机肥+叶面阻控剂处理降Cd效果更佳,更有利于保障研究区的稻谷安全,降低水稻茎叶还田利用和人体食用健康风险。[Objective]The aim was to explore the remediated materials for cadmium(Cd)-contaminated soil-rice and shrimp breeding system.[Methods]The rice and shrimp fields in Southern China were selected,and 6 different treatment types of foliar fertilizer and bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer and their combinations were designed,including CK(check),T1(foliar spray with selenium fertilizer)and T2(foliar spray with selenium fertilizer+L-cysteine),T3(bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer),T4(bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer+selenium fertilizer)and T5(bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer+L-cysteine).Soil pH value,soil organic matter(SOM),Cd forms in soil,Cd content in different parts of rice and crayfish were determined.The Cd pollution risk values of soil,rice and crayfish were evaluated by the integration index,mobility index,potential ecological risk index and dietary risk index,respectively.[Results]Soil pH value and SOM in T3-T5 treatments were significantly increased compared with the CK,and the increase rates were 5.71%-6.12%and 3.28%-4.23%,respectively.The contents of DTPA-extracted Cd decreased significantly,and the decreasing rates were 18.46%,19.81%and 17.59%,respectively.The Cd distribution proportion in acid extraction in soil decreased significantly,and the distribution proportion in residual forms increased significantly,which effectively reduced the bioavailability and migration of Cd in soil.In addition,the contents of Cd in roots,stalks,leaves and seeds under T1-T5 treatments decreased significantly compared with CK treatment,by 18.28%-84.68%,26.92%-93.08%,21.79%-88.46%and 27.76%-96.84%,respectively.The order of dietary risk index and potential ecological risk index was CK>T3>T1>T2>T5>T4.[Conclusion]The application of bamboo charcoal organic fertilizer plus leaf surface inhibitor has better Cd reduction effect,which is more conducive to ensure the safety of rice.

关 键 词：土壤 CD污染 稻谷 风险评价 竹炭有机肥 叶面阻控剂 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]