谁治理:论大学治理主体  

Who Governs?--On the Central Bodies of University Governance

作　　者：周作宇[1] Zhou Zuoyu(the Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第8期111-124,共14页Educational Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究2022年度重大课题攻关项目“新时代中国高校内部治理能力提升研究”(编号:22JZD049)的研究成果。

摘　　要：“谁治理”关涉治理主体,是保证治理有效性必须面对的基本问题。所有的大学治理问题,在一定程度上都可从治理主体上找到原因。从大学组织边界看,治理主体有内部主体和外部主体,内外主体依行政层级普遍存在委托代理关系;从主体行为的角色看,有拟制主体和自然人主体,拟制主体最终要通过自然人主体实施其行为;从主体发挥作用的状态看,有潜在主体和现实主体。主体性是主体由潜在到现实发挥作用的意识和能力基础。主体性的活化和上升需要持续启蒙。内外主体既是启蒙的主体,也是启蒙的对象;主体性活化既是内部主体的治理策略,也是外部主体的治理策略。治理的主体话语不能停留在拟制主体的抽象层面或法定位置,而要从自然人主体的立场出发,贯穿自然人的责任、能力和行动。只有深入讨论包括主体间性和公共主体性在内的主体性,才能回答好“谁治理”“怎么治理”及“治理如何”的关联性系统问题。The question of"who governs?",which concerns the central bodies of governance,is a basic problem that ensures the effectiveness of governance.We can,to a certain extent,find the cause for the governance of all universities from the central bodies of governance.From the perspective of the organizational boundary,a university has internal and external central bodies,and they in general entrust other departments to act for them according to the administrative level;according to their roles,they are divided into fictitious and natural central bodies,with the former ultimately acting by the agency of the latter;and according to their functions,they are classified into potential and actual central bodies.Subjectivity is the basis of consciousness and ability for the central bodies to play potential and actual roles.The excitation and rise of subjectivity needs continuous enlightenment.The internal and external central bodies are both the subject and the object of enlightenment;excitation is the governance strategy of both internal and external central bodies.The discourse of governance cannot stay at the abstract or legal level from the fictional central body;instead,it should start from the position of the natural person,and run through the responsibility,ability and action of the natural person.Only by an in-depth discussion of subjectivity,including intersubjectivity and public subjectivity,can we answer the relevant questions of"who governs a university"and"how it is governed."

关 键 词：大学治理 治理主体 拟制主体 自然人主体 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]