封闭式除草剂苗后喷施对小麦生长和杂草的影响  

Effect of Post-emergence Closed Herbicide Spraying on Wheat Growth and Weed Control

作　　者：孟自力 朱倩 倪雪峰 王祁 吕侠雷 闫向泉 朱伟 MENG Zili;ZHU Qian;NI Xuefeng;WANG Qi;LYU Xialei;YAN Xiangquan;ZHU Wei(Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476000,China)

机构地区：[1]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《大麦与谷类科学》2024年第4期40-46,共7页Barley and Cereal Sciences

基　　金：河南省小麦产业技术体系专项资助项目(HARS-22-01-Z5);河南省农业(小麦)良种联合攻关项目(2022010103)。

摘　　要：为探究封闭式除草剂苗后喷施对小麦生长和杂草的影响,以周麦22为试验材料,设置砜吡草唑用量125(T1)、250(T2)、500(T3)、1000(T4)、2000(T5)g a.i./hm^(2)和氟噻草胺用量184.5(T6)、369(T7)、738(T8)、1476(T9)g a.i./hm^(2)9个喷药处理和1个空白(清水)对照,研究不同除草剂对小麦光合特性、叶绿素SPAD值、光合有效辐射(IPAR)、叶面积指数(LAI)、鲜质量的影响及对杂草的化除效果。结果表明:T1、T6处理下小麦叶片的净光合速率高于对照,9个处理蒸腾速率均低于对照,T6、T1处理数值较大,气孔导度T1处理最大;胞间CO_(2)浓度T9处理最大,T1处理最小。在除草剂施用21 d时,T1处理SPAD值与对照差异有统计学意义。T1、T2、T3、T6、T7处理下,小麦IPAR和LAI均高于对照,且以T1处理下值最大,较对照分别增加18.37%、37.77%,T2次之。砜吡草唑施药剂量在125、250 g a.i./hm^(2)时(T1和T2)对小麦株高和鲜质量没有显著性影响;当剂量>250 g a.i./hm^(2)时,则会出现抑制症状,氟噻草胺不同用量小麦株高和鲜质量均受抑制。可见,T1和T2处理对小麦生长发育影响较小。T4、T5和T93个处理对所试杂草鲜质量防效均高于95%,T1和T62个处理对野燕麦的防效不明显。考虑到对小麦生长安全和用药成本,在对节节麦和野燕麦鲜质量防效达到50%~95%且对其余供试杂草鲜质量防效均高于95%的6个处理(T2、T3、T4、T5、T8、T9)中,推荐T2处理用于麦田苗后喷施。To investigate the effects of post-emergence spraying of closed herbicides on wheat growth and weeds,Zhoumai 22 was used as the experimental material.Nine spraying treatments were set up including pyroxasulfone doses of 125(T1),250(T2),500(T3),1000(T4)and 2000(T5),and flufenacet doses of 184.5(T6),369(T7),738(T8),and 1476(T9)(g a.i./hm^(2)),and one blank control.The effects of different herbicides on wheat photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll SPAD values,photosynthetically active radiation(IPAR),leaf area index(LAI)and fresh weight,and the chemical control effect of pyroxasulfone on weeds were studied.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of leaves under T1 and T6 treatments was higher than that of the control,and the transpiration rate of all 9 treatments was lower than that of the control.The values of T6 and T1 treatments were larger,and the stomatal conductance was highest under T1 treatment.The intercellular CO_(2)concentration was highest under T9 treatment,and the value was lowest under T1 treatment.There was a statistically significant difference between T1 treatment and control after 11 days of herbicide application.Under T1,T2,T3,T6 and T7 treatments,wheat IPAR and LAI were higher than those of the control,with the highest values under T1 treatment,which increased by 18.37%and 37.77%respectively,followed by T2 treatment.There was no significant effect on wheat plant height and fresh weight at doses of 125 and 250 g a.i./hm^(2)(T1 and T2)of pyroxasulfone.When the dose is greater than 250 g a.i./hm^(2),inhibitory symptoms will occur,and the height and fresh weight of wheat plants will be inhibited by different doses of flufenacet.It can be seen that T1 and T2 treatments have little effect on the growth and development of wheat.The control effects of T4,T5 and T9 treatments on the fresh weight of the tested weeds were all higher than 95%,while the control effects of T1 and T6 treatments on wild oats were not significant.Considering the safety of wheat growth and the cost of medication,a

关 键 词：小麦 除草剂 光合特性 光合有效辐射 杂草 化除效果 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]