甘肃省庆城县极端暴雨下水保措施抵御暴洪灾害的能力  

Ability of Soil and Water Conservation Measures to Resist Flash Flood Disaster Under Extreme Rainstorm Conditions in Qingcheng County of Gansu Province

作　　者：陈素娥 马瑞[1] 张富[1] 王玲莉 蒋承洋 Chen Sue;Ma Rui;Zhang Fu;Wang Lingli;Jiang Chengyang(forestry College of Gansu Agricultural Un,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070;Forestry Engineering College of Gansu Forestry Vocational and Technical College,Tianshri,Gansu 741000,China;i 3.Gansu Zhifu Ruida Ecological Environment Engineering Co.,Ltd.Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃林业职业技术学院林业工程学院,甘肃天水741000 [3]甘肃智富瑞达生态环境工程有限公司,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第3期26-35,共10页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：甘肃省水利科技项目“甘肃省淤地坝水沙利用与风险管控研究”(甘水建管发[2021]71号)。

摘　　要：[目的]最大洪峰流量是导致暴洪灾害的决定性因素。研究小流域降水频率、治理程度与洪峰流量、暴洪灾害损失的关联性,为水土保持减灾防灾工作提供科学依据。[方法]采用回归分析、对比分析等方法,对甘肃省庆阳市庆城县蔡家庙、野狐沟两条相邻流域1981—2022年水保措施的调水效益以及降水因子、水保措施对洪峰流量的影响进行分析。[结果](1)小流域水保措施调水效益随治理程度的提高而增加,随降水频率的提高而减少。(2)年最大日降水量对洪峰流量变化具有极显著的正向影响(p<0.01),贡献率系数为0.707;治理程度对洪峰流量呈负影响,贡献率系数为-0.237。(3)30 a一遇洪峰流量(频率为3%)与50 a一遇洪峰流量(频率为2%)灾害损失强度分别达到1.74×10^(5),3.13×10^(6)元/km^(2),后者比前者增长了16.95倍。[结论]影响洪峰流量变化的主要因素是年最大日降水量。水保措施对削减洪峰流量具有显著的影响。流域治理程度越高,削减洪峰流量的效果越明显,减少暴洪灾害经济损失的能力越大。[Objective]Maximum flood peak flow is the decisive factor leading to flood disaster.The correlation between precipitation frequency,management level,and flood peak flow and flood disaster loss in a small watershed was studied to provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation,disaster reduction,and prevention.[Methods]The water transfer benefits of soil and water conservation measures in two adjacent basins of Caijiamiao and Yehugou from 1981 to 2022 were analyzed by using both regression analysis and comparative analysis,as well as the effects of precipitation factors and soil and water conservation measures on flood peak flow.[Results](1)The benefit of water conservation measures in a small watershed increased with increasing management level,and decreased with increasing precipitation frequency.(2)Annual maximum daily precipitation had a highly significant positive effect on the change of flood peak flow(p<0.01),and the contribution rate coefficient was 0.707.Management level had a negative impact on the flood peak flow,and the contribution rate coefficient was-0.237.(3)The disaster loss intensity of 30-year flood peak flow(frequency of 3%)and 50-year flood peak flow(frequency of 2%)reached 1.74×10^(5)yuan/km^(2)and 3.13×10^(6)yuan/km^(2),respectively,with the latter value being 16.95 times greater than the former value.[Conclusion]The main factor affecting the change of flood peak flow was the annual maximum daily precipitation.Soil and water conservation measures had a significant impact on the reduction of flood peak flow.The higher the degree of watershed management,the more obvious the effect of reducing flood peak flow,and the greater the ability to reduce the economic loss of flood disasters.

关 键 词：水土保持 暴洪灾害 洪峰流量 灾害损失 调水效益 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]