高速铣削-激光切割机床数控加工高精度控制技术  

High precision control technology for CNC machining ofhigh-speed milling laser cutting machine tools

作　　者：任忠先[1] 张杰[1] 魏国丰[1] 杜雨馨 REN Zhongxian;ZHANG Jie;WEI Guofeng;DU Yuxin(Heilongjiang Institute of Technology,Harbin 150050,China;Xuzhou University of Technology,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221018,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江工程学院,哈尔滨150050 [2]徐州工程学院,江苏徐州221018

出　　处：《激光杂志》2024年第8期208-212,共5页Laser Journal

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(No.12531560);江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目(No.20KJB510050)。

摘　　要：激光切割机铣削过程中会因工件变形导致表面出现凹凸不平或波浪状,表面局部区域高低不等,致使机床的浮动轴偏离实际运动轨迹,影响工件铣削加工的质量。为此,提出一种高速铣削-激光切割机床数控加工高精度控制技术。采用运动学理论、矩阵转换函数建立激光切割机床运动数学模型,利用PLC控制器、伺服驱动器及电机等搭建激光切割机床高速铣削加工控制模型,使用负反馈控制算法、位移误差函数控制机床铣削加工浮动轴运动,即当浮动轴执行上浮或者下浮运动时,若浮动轴运动轨迹偏离预设轨迹,调节PLC控制器参数来驱动电机控制作业,使其反向运动,直到落在预设轨迹上,实现铣削加工的高精度控制。实验结果表明,所提技术工件的铣削加工质量高,高速铣削过程中上浮点、下浮点控制误差最大值分别为6 mm、6 mm,铣削加工控制的响应时间为6.8 ms。During the milling process of a laser cutting machine,the surface may appear uneven or wavy due to workpiece deformation,with local areas of varying heights,resulting in the floating axis of the machine deviating from the actual motion trajectory and affecting the quality of workpiece milling processing.Therefore,a high-precision control technology for high-speed milling laser cutting machine tool CNC machining is proposed.Using kinematic theory and matrix transformation functions to establish a mathematical model of laser cutting machine tool motion,a highspeed milling control model of the laser cutting machine tool is constructed using PLC controllers,servo drivers,and motors.Negative feedback control algorithms and displacement error functions are used to control the floating axis motion of the machine tool milling process.That is,when the floating axis performs upward or downward floating motion,if the floating axis motion trajectory deviates from the preset trajectory,Adjust the parameters of the PLC controller to drive the motor to control the operation,causing it to move in reverse until it falls on the preset trajectory,achieving high-precision control of milling processing.The experimental results show that the milling quality of the proposed technology workpiece is high,and the maximum control errors of the upper and lower floating points during high-speed milling are 6 mm and 6 mm,respectively.The response time of milling control is 6.8 ms.

关 键 词：高速铣削 激光切割机床 浮动轴 运动轨迹 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]