牛粪秸秆堆肥与化肥减量配施对春玉米光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of partially replacing chemical fertilizers by cow manure and corn straw compost on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring maize

作　　者：马襄鸿 邓奥严 武俊男 王立春[1] 姜业成 崔锡花 刘春光[1] 程正海 MA Xianghong;DENG Aoyan;WU Junnan;WANG Lichun;JIANG Yecheng;CUI Xihua;LIU Chunguang;CHENG Zhenghai(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院/中国农业科技东北创新中心,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2024年第7期1220-1226,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20230203179SF)。

摘　　要：为明确适宜的牛粪秸秆堆肥替代化肥比例,本研究以富民985为供试材料,设置不施肥(CK)、100%全量化肥(CF)、10%堆肥替代化肥(CN)、20%堆肥替代化肥(CE)、30%堆肥替代化肥(CS)等5个处理,分析各处理下大喇叭口期、抽雄吐丝期、灌浆期玉米植株叶片光合速率、碳代谢关键酶活性及产量和产量构成的变化。结果表明,与CK相比,施用牛粪秸秆堆肥替代处理可以显著提升春玉米光合作用能力及碳代谢关键酶活性。在施用堆肥的条件下,随着堆肥替代比例的增加,各生育时期玉米叶片的净光合速率(P n)、蒸腾速率(T r)、气孔导度(G s)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(C i)以及碳代谢关键酶(磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶、核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶)活性均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,20%堆肥替代化肥(CE)处理下,光合作用参数和碳代谢关键酶活性均为最高。施用牛粪秸秆堆肥替代化肥处理可以显著提高春玉米的产量、穗粒数和千粒重,20%堆肥替代化肥(CE)处理和10%堆肥替代化肥(CN)处理的籽粒产量分别比100%全量化肥(CF)处理提高9.41%、7.03%。本研究为畜禽粪便和作物秸秆资源化利用及耕地的用养结合提供良好的借鉴。In order to determine the appropriate proportion of cow manure and corn straw compost for replacing chemical fertilizers,Fumin 985 was used as the test material in this study,and five treatments were set up,including no fertilizer(CK),100%chemical fertilizers(CF),10%compost for replacing chemical fertilizers(CN),20%compost for replacing chemical fertilizers(CE),and 30%compost for replacing chemical fertilizers(CS).The changes of photosynthetic rate,key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism at big trumpet stage,silking stage and filling stage,and yield and yield components of maize under different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that compared with CK,the cow manure and corn straw compost replacement treatment could significantly improve the photosynthesis ability and key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism of spring maize.Under the condition of applying compost,with the increase of the proportion of compost,the net photosynthetic rate(P n),transpiration rate(T r),stomatal conductance(G s),intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(C i)and key enzymes(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,ribulose-1,5-bisphosphale carboxylase)activities of carbon metabolism of maize leaves in each growth period showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.Under CE treatment,the photosynthetic parameters and key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism were the highest.The cow manure and corn straw compost replacement treatment could significantly increase the yield,grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of spring maize.The grain yield of spring maize in CE treatment and CN treatment was 9.41%and 7.03%higher than that in CF treatment,respectively.This study can provide a good reference for the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure and crop straw and the combination of the use and maintenance of cultivated land.

关 键 词：堆肥替代化肥 春玉米 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]