颅脑损伤后认知障碍患者早期康复方案的构建及应用研究  

Construction and application of early rehabilitation model for patients with cognitive impairment after craniocerebral injury

作　　者：龙登英[1] 魏生蕙 王丽庭 李瑜 李晓芳[3] 王洪莲 LONG Dengying;WEI Shenghui;WANG Litin;LI Yu;LI Xiaofang;WANG Honglian(Department of Neurosurgery,Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital,Xining,810007,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省人民医院神经外科,西宁市810007 [2]青海省人民医院康复科,西宁市810007 [3]青海省人民医院护理部,西宁市810007

出　　处：《中国护理管理》2024年第8期1170-1174,共5页Chinese Nursing Management

基　　金：青海省卫生健康委员会指导性计划课题(2020-wjzdx-19)。

摘　　要：目的:构建颅脑损伤后认知障碍患者早期康复训练方案并探讨其应用效果,为临床指导患者早期康复提供借鉴。方法:通过文献分析法和专家函询构建早期康复训练方案,选择青海省某三级甲等医院神经外科2021年3月至2023年9月住院的颅脑损伤后认知障碍患者194例,按照随机数字表法将其分成对照组和观察组,各97例。对照组给予神经外科常规干预训练;观察组在对照组基础上应用康复训练方案进行早期干预。采用认知功能评定量表(LOTCA)、简易智能量表(MMSE)、神经功能评定量表(NIHSS)、日常生活能力评定量表(ADL)进行评定,比较两组患者认知功能、神经功能、日常生活能力。结果:干预2个月后,观察组患者LOTCA评分、MMSE评分、ADL评分明显高于对照组,NIHSS评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:颅脑损伤后认知障碍患者早期康复方案的应用能有效改善患者认知功能及神经功能,促进康复,提高生活质量。Objective:To construct an early rehabilitation training model for patients with cognitive impairment after craniocerebral injury and explore its application effects.Methods:The early rehabilitation training model was constructed based on literature analysis and expert correspondence.We selected 194 patients with cognitive impairment after craniocerebral injury admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of a tertiary grade A hospital in Qinghai from March 2021 to September 2023,and divided them into the control group(n=97)and the observation group(n=97)using the randomized numerical table.The control group was given routine neurosurgical intervention training while the observation group received early intervention based on the rehabilitation training model in addition to the training of the control group.The Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment(LOTCA),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),National Institute of Health stroke scale(NIHSS),and the activities of daily living(ADL)scale were used to compare the cognitive function,neurological function,and daily living ability of the two groups.Results:After 2 months of intervention,the LOTCA score,MMSE score and ADL score of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group,and the NIHSS score was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.001).Conclusion:The application of early rehabilitation model for patients with cognitive impairment after craniocerebral injury can effectively improve the cognitive function and neurological function of the patients,promote the rehabilitation and improve their quality of life.

关 键 词：颅脑损伤 认知障碍 认知功能 认知训练 康复效果 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学] R197[医药卫生—临床医学]