济南市城区大气挥发性有机物污染特征及来源  

Characteristics and sources of Volatile Organic Compounds in urban Jinan, China

作　　者：张厚勇 隋浩新 王在峰 张苏凡 杜明月 葛璇 王鸣 陶文鑫 许宏宇 顾达萨 张宜升[2] ZHANG Hou-yong;SUI Hao-xin;WANG Zai-feng;ZHANG Su-fan;DU Ming-yue;GE Xuan;WANG Ming;TAO Wen-xin;XU Hong-yu;GU Da-sa;ZHANG Yi-sheng(Ji'nan Eco-environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province,Jinan 250102,China;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control,School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Division of Environment and Sustainability,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省济南生态环境监测中心,山东济南250102 [2]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东青岛266520 [3]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室,江苏南京210044 [4]香港科技大学环境与可持续发展学部,中国香港999077

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第9期4765-4777,共13页China Environmental Science

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2023MD056);江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室开放课题资助(KHK 23007);山东省一流学科开放课题项目(QUTSEME201911)。

摘　　要：为研究济南市城区环境空气挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染特征及来源,2020-2021年于济南市城区开展了逐月离线观测,并于2020年6月开展加密观测,分析了VOCs年度、季节、日体积分数变化特征、化学组成及臭氧生成潜势,并利用特征比值法和正定矩阵因子分解模型解析了VOCs来源.结果表明,2021年济南市VOCs年均体积分数为(35.70±16.58)×10^(-9),较2020年改善14.48%,烷烃和OVOCs为VOCs中占比最高的两类组分.2020年VOCs体积分数均值呈冬高夏低季节特征,而2021年呈夏高春低季节特征,受济南市VOCs专项整治行动及北京冬奥会空气质量保障措施影响,2021年冬季VOCs体积分数均值较2020年改善最为明显,改善幅度为31.08%,2020年春季芳香烃贡献显著,可能与疫情管控后企业陆续复工复产有关.2020、2021年排名前十的组分主要为烷烃类与OVOCs,如丙烷、乙烷、正丁烷、甲醛、丙酮、乙醛等物种.2021年济南市城区OFP年均值为239.39μg/m^(3),较2020年下降22.46%,烷烃、炔烃、芳香烃、卤代烃OFP改善幅度分别为29.28%、3.09%、67.93%、83.49%,烯烃OFP明显上升,上升幅度为37.49%,OVOCs维持在较高水平.2020、2021年OFP排名前十的物种主要包括甲醛、乙醛、乙烯、1-丁烯、丙烯、对/间二甲苯等.臭氧重污染期间TVOCs体积分数日变化特征呈现明显的早晚高峰特征,中午时段为一天中的低值,夜间维持在较高水平.PMF解析结果表明:VOCs主要来源于工业源、燃烧源、油气挥发源、机动车尾气排放源、溶剂使用源、植物源及二次生成源,机动车尾气排放源、燃烧源及工业源为济南市VOCs的重点管控源.To study the characteristics and sources of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban Jinan,monthly offline observations from 2020 to 2021 and intensive observations in June 2020 were conducted.The inter-annual,seasonal,and daily concentration changes,chemical composition,and ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs were analyzed.Sources of VOCs were analyzed using the tracer ratio method and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model.The results indicated that the annual average mixing ratio of VOCs in urban Jinan in 2021 was (35.70±16.58)×10^(-9),an improvement of 14.48%compared to 2020,with alkanes and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were the two major components of VOCs.The seasonal characteristics of the average mixing ratio of VOCs in 2020 showed a high in winter and a low in summer,while in 2021,it showed an increase in summer and a low in spring.Influenced by the special rectification action of VOCs in Jinan and the air quality assurance measures for the Beijing Winter Olympics,the average mixing ratio of VOCs in winter 2021 improved significantly compared to 2020,with an improvement rate of31.08%.Aromatic hydrocarbons contributed significantly in the spring of 2020,which might be related to enterprises'gradual resumption of work under epidemic control.The top ten components in 2020 and 2021 are mainly alkanes and OVOCs,such as propane,ethane,n-butane,formaldehyde,acetone,and acetaldehyde.The annual value of OFP was 239.39μg/m^(3) in 2021,a decrease of 22.46%compared to 2020.The improvement rates of OFP for alkanes,alkynes,aromatics,and halogenated hydrocarbons were29.28%,3.09%,67.93%,and 83.49%,respectively.The OFP for olefins increased significantly,with an increase rate of 37.49%.OVOCs remained at a relatively high level.The top ten species in OFP rankings in 2020 and 2021 mainly include formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,ethylene,1-butene,propylene,and para/meta xylene.During heavy ozone pollution episodes,the daily variation characteristics of TVOCs volume fraction showed obvious morning and evening peak ch

关 键 词：VOCS 污染特征 臭氧生成潜势(OFP) 源解析 济南市 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]