我国矿产资源型城市“无废城市”建设路径探索  

Exploring the construction path of “Zero-waste City” for mineral resource-based cities in China

作　　者：马超 冯印成 赵康 田向勤 聂晶磊 胡华龙 MA Chao;FENG Yin-cheng;ZHAO Kang;TIAN Xiang-qin;NIE Jing-lei;HU Hua-long(Solids Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部固体废物与化学品管理技术中心,北京100029

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第9期5077-5084,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52374138);2022年中国科协10大工程技术难题项目、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目(2022-YRUC-01-0306)。

摘　　要：矿产资源型城市在我国能源资源保障和经济健康发展中具有重要地位,其具有固体废物产生量巨大、利用程度总体不高、环境污染问题突出等特点,矿产资源型城市如何建设“无废城市”是我国“无废城市”建设工作中的重要议题,也是美丽中国建设中的关键环节.本文从矿产资源城市的分布分类、固体废物特点等方面分析了其基本特征,指出矿产资源型城市开展“无废城市”建设工作面临管理体制机制融合不足、法律法规和标准体系不健全、固废“三化”技术不足、固废资源属性和污染属性辩证对待不清晰等方面的难点问题;简要总结了我国“无废城市”建设工作开展以来取得的主要成效和实现矿产资源型城市“无废化”目标的典型经验.指出在推进矿产资源型城市“无废城市”建设过程中,一方面要借鉴先进成熟经验,做好顶层设计,重视法律法规和标准体系的建设;另一方面要强化技术研发创新,立足城市实际重点解决难点问题,并注重多源固体废物协同利用处置体系建设.Mineral resource-based cities play a crucial role in ensuring energy resource safety and promoting healthy economic development in our country. These cities are characterized by the generation of a large amount of solid waste, overall low utilization rate, and prominent environmental pollution issues. How to construct the “zero-waste city” for mineral resource-based cities is an important topic during the China's “zero-waste city” construction and a key aspect of building a beautiful China. This article analyses the basic characteristics of mineral resource cities, such as distribution, classification and solid waste characteristics, and points out the challenges faced during the construction of “Zero-waste City”, including insufficient integration of management systems,inadequate legal regulations and standards, insufficient technology for the “three transformations” of solid waste, and unclear distinctions between the resource and environment attributes of solid waste. This paper also summarizes the main achievements of China's “zero-waste city” construction and the typical experience regarding how mineral resource-based cities achieve the “Zero-waste” goal. In the process of advancing the construction of 'zero-waste cities' in mineral resource-based cities, it is essential to learn from advanced and mature experiences, focus on top-level design, and prioritize the construction of legal regulations and standards. Simultaneously, emphasis should be placed on technological research and innovation, addressing key issues based on the actual conditions of the city, and establishing a comprehensive system for the collaborative utilization and disposal of multiple solid wastes.

关 键 词：矿产资源型城市 无废城市 固体废物 成效 路径 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]