胚挽救创制玫瑰香型无核葡萄新种质研究  

Research on Cultivating New Seedless Grape Germplasm with Muscat Flavor by Embryo Rescue

作　　者：崔小月 尚泓泉[1] 吕中伟[1] 娄玉穗[1] 张柯[1] 樊红杰[1] 吴文莹[1] CUI Xiaoyue;SHANG Hongquan;LYU Zhongwei;LOU Yusui;ZHANG Ke;FAN Hongjie;WU Wenying(Horticulture Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院园艺研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《中外葡萄与葡萄酒》2024年第5期14-21,共8页Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-29-19);河南省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(Z20231811173);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC030)。

摘　　要：为创制玫瑰香型无核葡萄新种质,以4个种子败育型葡萄品种‘红宝石无核’‘爱神玫瑰’‘火州紫玉’和‘无核翠宝’为母本,分别与‘巨玫瑰’‘爱神玫瑰’‘阳光玫瑰’和‘玫瑰香’杂交,共配置7个杂交组合,比较不同母本和父本对胚发育率、萌发率和成苗率的影响,并利用无核基因分子标记VviAGL11-KASP和玫瑰香型基因分子标记VviDXS-KASP对杂交亲本和杂交后代进行辅助鉴定、选择。结果表明,本研究中‘红宝石无核’适合作为无核葡萄胚挽救的母本,当以‘红宝石无核’为母本时,‘阳光玫瑰’和‘玫瑰香’比‘巨玫瑰’和‘爱神玫瑰’更适合作父本。7个杂交组合通过胚挽救共获得316个新种质,其中176个具有无核标记,平均无核率为55.70%;183个具有玫瑰香型标记,获得玫瑰香型后代的比率为57.91%;同时具有无核和玫瑰香型标记的有110个,占比为34.81%。To create new germplasm of seedless grapes with muscat flavor,seven cross combinations were conducted,involving four stenospermocarpic seedless grape varieties'Ruby Seedless''Aishen Meigui''Huozhou Ziyu'and'Wuhe Cuibao',with the male parents being the varieties'Jumeigui''Aishen Meigui''Shine Muscat'and'Muscat Hamburg',respectively.The effects of different female and male parents on embryo development rate,germination rate,and seedling formation rate were compared.The marker-assisted selection on the hybrids using the seedless gene molecular marker VviAGL11-KASP and the muscat flavor gene molecular marker VviDXS-KASP were used to identify hybrid parents and assist in the selection of hybrid offsprings.The results showed that'Ruby Seedless'was suitable as the female parent for embryo rescue.'Shine Muscat'and'Muscat Hamburg'were more suitable as male parents than'Jumeigui'and'Aishen Meigui'when'Ruby Seedless'was used as the female parent.A total of 316 hybrid strains of seven cross combinations were obtained by embryo rescue,out of which 176 strains had a seedless marker,with an average seedless rate of 55.70%,183 strains had a muscat flavor marker,with the ratio of muscat flavor was 57.91%.There were 110 strains with seedless and muscat flavor markers,accounting for 34.81%.

关 键 词：无核葡萄 胚挽救 玫瑰香型 亲本基因型 分子标记 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]