2024年4-6月我国区域性高温干旱特征及其影响因子  

Characteristics of regional high temperature and drought in China from April to June 2024 and their influence factors

作　　者：颜鹏程[1,3] 李忆平 曾鼎文[1] 王丽娟 张金玉[1] 陆晓娟 岳平 靳洁[4] YAN Pengcheng;LI Yiping;ZENG Dingwen;WANG Lijuan;ZHANG Jinyu;LU Xiaojuan;YUE Ping;JIN Jie(Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province,Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of CMA,Lanzhou 730020,China;Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,Jiangsu,China;Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]兰州大学,甘肃兰州730000 [3]扬州大学,江苏扬州225009 [4]成都信息工程大学,四川成都610225

出　　处：《干旱气象》2024年第4期507-518,共12页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42230611,U2142208,42205050);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA746);气象能力提升联合研究专项重点项目(22NLTSZ003);甘肃省气象局项目(ZcZd2023-21)共同资助。

摘　　要：在全球气候变暖的严峻形势下,区域性高温干旱事件愈发频繁,对生态环境、粮食安全、经济发展和生命健康构成重大威胁。2024年4—6月,我国华北、西北及西南地区再度遭遇高温干旱侵袭,农业生产遭受明显损失。本研究综合多种数据资料剖析上述3个区域高温干旱事件的演变特征及成因。结果表明,西南地区干旱主要发生在4月,而华北和西北地区自4月起旱情显现、5—6月旱情逐渐加剧(强度增强、范围扩大)。伴随旱情加剧,区域最高气温异常范围明显扩展,西北地区高温日数创历史新高,5月最高气温达到峰值,较旱情最为严重的6月提前一个月;西南和华北地区高温接近历史极值。进一步分析表明,华北地区干旱主要受太平洋地区环流调控,而高温则主要受低纬度太平洋环流及西太平洋暖池影响;西北地区的干旱主要与西太平洋副热带高压及北半球极涡密切相关,高温则主要来自北大西洋的影响;西南地区高温干旱的成因更为复杂,但主要聚焦于北半球副热带高压和低纬度太平洋、印度洋。从大气环流和水汽输送的角度审视,华北和西北旱情的主导因素为大陆高压的发展和维持,而西南地区的干旱则受偏北的西太平洋副热带高压引导,致使来自印度大陆的干热气流控制这一区域,造成水汽辐散,进而引发高温干旱灾害。Under the severe situation of global warming,regional high temperature and drought events are becoming more frequent,posing a major threat to ecological environment,food security,economic development and life and health.From April to June 2024,high-temperature and drought events occurred again in North China,Northwest China,and Southwest China,causing significant losses in agricultural production.This study utilized various data to preliminarily analyze the characteristics and causes of the hightemperature and drought processes in above three regions.The results show that the drought in southwest China mainly occurred in April,while the drought in North China and Northwest China began to emerge in April,with the intensity gradually increasing and the range expanding from May to June.With the intensification of drought,the abnormal range of regional maximum temperature expanded significantly.The number of hot days in Northwest China reached a new record,and the highest temperature anomaly reached its peak in May,which was one month ahead of the most severe drought period(June)in this region.The high temperatures in southwest China and North China were close to historical extremes.Further analysis indicates that the drought in North China is mainly influenced by the circulation in the Pacific region,while high temperatures are mainly affected by the circulation in the low-latitude Pacific and the Western Pacific Warm Pool.The drought in Northwest China is mainly influenced by the Western Pacific Subtropical High and the Arc⁃tic Vortex in the Northern Hemisphere,and the main influence on high temperatures comes from the North Atlantic.The factors affect⁃ing high temperatures and drought in the Southwest China are more complex,but mainly concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere Sub⁃tropical High and the low-latitude Pacific and Indian Oceans.From the perspective of circulation and water vapor,the main causes of the drought in North China and Northwest China are the development and maintenance of the continental

关 键 词：2024年春夏 高温干旱 气候指数 环流异常 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]