碳材料/钙钛矿型复合氧化物双功能催化剂在金属-空气电池中应用研究进展  

Progress in Application of Carbon/Perovskite-Type Composite Oxide Bifocals in Metal-Air Batteries

作　　者：肖元东 俞小花[1] Xiao Yuandong;Yu Xiaohua(Analysis and Testing Research Center,Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,Yunnan 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《化学世界》2024年第5期261-270,共10页Chemical World

摘　　要：金属-空气电池具有能量密度高、安全性能好、成本低、无污染等优点,是一种很有前途的化学能源存储与转化器件,但其氧还原反应(ORR)和氧析出反应(OER)的动力学缓慢,且依赖于昂贵的贵金属催化剂(例如:Pt或Ir),这都阻碍了其可持续商业化的发展进程。钙钛矿型氧化物因其高的固有催化活性、丰富的种类、低成本和丰富的资源,近年来受到越来越多的关注,并有望成为替代贵金属催化剂的高效ORR和OER催化剂。由于钙钛矿氧化物的固有导电性较低,一般认为需要导电碳来增强钙钛矿电极内部的电子导电性,使钙钛矿的利用率最大化。综述了溶胶凝胶法、化学气相沉淀、水热法、静电纺丝法等碳材料负载钙钛矿型双功能催化剂的制备方法,总结了各制备方法的优缺点。阐述了钙钛矿/碳复合材料双功能催化剂在常见的三种金属-空气电池中的应用研究进展,提出了基于钙钛矿/碳复合材料的高效氧催化剂的合成和发展面临的挑战和未来的方向。Metal-air battery has the advantages of high energy density,good safety performance,low cost,no pollution and so on.It is a kind of pre-coated chemical energy storage and conversion device.However,the kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen release reaction(OER)are slow,and they depend on expensive precious metal catalysts(such as Pt or Ir),which hinder the development of sustainable commercialization.Perovskite-type oxides have attracted much attention in recent years due to their high inherent catalytic activity,abundant species,low cost and abundant resources,and are expected to become efficient ORR and OER catalysts instead of noble metal based catalysts.Because of low intrinsic conductivity of perovskite oxides,it is generally believed that conductive carbon is needed to enhance the electronic conductivity inside perovskite electrode for maximizing the utilization of perovskite.The preparation methods of perovskite-type bifunctional catalysts supported by carbon materials,such as sol-gel,chemical vapor precipitation,hydrothermal and electrospinning methods,are reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of each preparation method are summarized.The Application of Perovskite/carbon composite bifunctionnal catalysts in three kinds of common metal-air batteries is reviewed.Finally,the challenges and future directions of synthesis and development of highly effective oxygen catalysts based on perovskite/carbon composite are put forward.

关 键 词：钙钛矿/碳复合材料 催化剂制备 金属-空气电池 

分 类 号：O641.4[理学—物理化学] O643.3[理学—化学]