氮肥施用量对矮化酿造型高粱籽粒品质和产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Grain Quality and Yield of Dwarf Brewed Sorghum

作　　者：马子竣 焦少杰[2] 王黎明[1] 姜艳喜[1] 严洪冬[1] 苏德峰[1] 吴振阳 MA Zijun;JIAO Shaojie;WANG Liming;JIANG Yanxi;YAN Hongdong;SU Defeng;WU Zhenyang(Crop Resources Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院作物资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第9期7-14,共8页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家谷子高粱产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-A1);黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA21B009);黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业科技基础创新优青项目(CX22YQ19);黑龙江省杂粮作物遗传改良重点实验室;寒地专用品种技术集成创新及产业化(CXHDZU-2)。

摘　　要：为探明早熟区酿造型高粱的合理氮肥用量,选择高粱品种龙杂22和龙杂25为试验材料,2020和2021年设置0,60,120,180,240和300 kg·hm^(-2)共6个不同施氮量,研究不同施氮处理对粗淀粉含量、千粒重、单宁含量、籽粒产量和干物质产量的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加矮化酿造型高粱的籽粒千粒重,2020年先降低后升高再降低,2021年先升高再降低后升高再降低,籽粒产量和籽粒干物质产量各处理间差异不显著,淀粉含量逐渐降低,单宁含量2020年2个品种和2021年龙杂22均低于1.40%。2021年龙杂25的N2处理为1.42%,接近1.40%,利于出酒率和酿酒品质的提升。综合千粒重、籽粒产量、干物质产量、淀粉含量和单宁含量的多元方差分析结果显示,N2、N3处理间差异不显著,二者与N4之间差异显著,从环保、减排角度考虑应该优先选择氮肥投入量较低的N2处理。施氮处理对粗淀粉和干物质积累量影响极显著,对产量、千粒重影响显著,对单宁含量影响不显著。N2处理下籽粒中N、P、K元素含量较高,说明该处理下植株向籽粒转运养分元素较多能为产量形成提供保障。综合考虑,N2处理(施肥量P_(2)O_(5):75 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O:30 kg·hm^(-2)、N:120 kg·hm^(-2))可获得较好的籽粒产量和品质,籽粒产量在557.87~589.15 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)之间。In order to find out the reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer for brewing sorghum in the early maturing area,Longza 22 and Longza 25 sorghum varieties were selected as experimental materials.In 2020 and 2021,six different nitrogen application rates including 0,60,120,180,240 and 300 kg·ha^(-1)were used to study the effects of different nitrogen application treatments on crude starch content,1000-grain weight,tannin content,grain yield and dry matter yield.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the thousand-grain weight of dwarf sorghum decreased first in 2020,then increased and then decreased,and then increased and then decreased in 2021.There was no significant difference in grain yield and dry matter yield among the treatments,and the starch content gradually decreased.The tannin content of two varieties in 2020 and Longza 22 in 2021 were lower than 1.40%.The N2 treatment of Longza 25 in 2021 was 1.42%and closed to 1.40%,which was conducive to the improvement of wine yield and wine quality.The results of multivariat e variance analysis of 1000-grain weight,grain yield,dry matter yield,starch content and tannin content showed that the difference between N2 and N3 treatments was not significant,and the difference between N2 and N4 was significant.From the perspective of environmental protection and emission reduction,N2 treatment with lower nitrogen fertilizer input should be preferred.Nitrogen treatment had a significant effect on the accumulation of crude starch and dry matter,and a significant effect on yield and 1000-grain weight,but not on tannin content.The contents of N,P and K elements in the grain under N2 treatment were higher,indicated that more nutrient elements were transferred from plants to the grain under this treatment,which provided a strong guarantee for the formation of yield.Overall,the fertilizer application amount of N2 treatment(P_(2)O_(5):75 kg·ha^(-1),K_(2)O:30 kg·ha^(-1),N:120 kg·ha^(-1))can achieve better grain yield and quality,and grain yield r

关 键 词：高粱 氮肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]