轴流式风机轴承失效分析  

Failure Analysis of Axial Flow Fan Bearings

作　　者：赵书显 张晓凤 邝浩银 ZHAO Shuxian;ZHANG Xiaofeng;KUANG Haoyin(Guangzhou Institute of Metrology and Testing Technology,Guangzhou 510663,China;Center for Industrial Analysis and Testing,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China)

机构地区：[1]广州计量检测技术研究院,广东广州510663 [2]广东省科学院工业分析检测中心,广东广州510650

出　　处：《河南科技》2024年第15期26-30,共5页Henan Science and Technology

摘　　要：【目的】为解决风机在工作过程中出现异常噪声的问题,优化风机轴承的装配工艺,降低风机因不平衡故障、不对中故障产生的影响,提高风机的可靠性,对轴流式风机轴承进行失效分析。【方法】以冷却塔专用轴流风机的轴承为研究对象,勘察分析同类轴承在相似工况条件下的装配工艺及使用性能。利用粗糙度测量仪、拉伸试验机等精密仪器设备,测量与轴承配合传动轴的直径、表面粗糙度、转速、风机噪声、材料成分和拉伸强度,对长期服役风机的轴承失效原因进行分析研究。【结果】结果表明,风机在长时间的高速旋转过程中,轴承定位销对轴承寿命至关重要。缺失定位销的轴承座,紧固螺钉会发生松动,原有的动平衡系受到破坏,轴承将附加轴向载荷和径向载荷,轴承套局部受力增大、发热和产生轴向滑移,轴局部出现损伤和塑性形变。装有定位销的风机轴承,紧固螺钉固定状态良好,动平衡系不受破坏,风机工作状态良好。轴承失效后,轴径局部有一定椭圆度,光亮处粗糙度变小,噪声变化大且伴有异响。【结论】传动轴材料成分和强度满足使用要求,使用工况会影响风机可靠性,通过增加轴承座的定位销,可有效提高风机轴承寿命。通过定期检查轴承紧固螺钉位置、监测风机噪声等措施,可减少冷却塔风机停机率,降低维修成本,提高使用寿命。[Purposes]In order to improve the reliability of fans,solve the problem of abnormal noise dur-ing operation,optimize the assembly process of fan bearings,reduce the impact of fan imbalance and mis-alignment faults,and improve the reliability of the fan,this paper conducts failure analysis on axial flow fan bearings.[Methods]This article takes the axial flow fan bearings used in cooling towers as the re-search object,investigates and analyzes the assembly process and performance of similar bearings under similar working conditions.Precision instruments such as roughness measuring instruments and tensile testing machines are used to measure the diameter,surface roughness,speed,fan noise,material compo-sition,and tensile strength of the transmission shaft that matches the bearings.The reasons for bearing failure in long-term service fans are analyzed and studied.[Findings]The results indicate the vital im-portance of the bearing's locating pin for its service life during prolonged,high-speed rotation of the fan.In the absence of the locating pin in the bearing seat,the fastening screws tend to loosen,disrupting the original dynamic balance system and subjecting the bearing to additional axial and radial loads,resulting in increased local stress,heat generation,and axial slippage,leading to localized damage and plastic de-formation of the shaft.Conversely,fan bearings equipped with locating pins exhibit a securely fastened screw state,intact dynamic balance system,and optimal operational conditions.After bearing failure,there is a certain ellipticity in the local shaft diameter,reduced surface roughness in bright spots,signifi-cant changes in noise accompanied by unusual sounds.[Conclusions]The material composition and strength of the drive shaft meet the usage requirements,and operational conditions influence its reliabil-ity.By adding locating pins to the bearing seat,it is possible to effectively enhance the service life of fan bearings.Regular inspection of the position of bearing fastening screws,as well as moni

关 键 词：轴承失效 定位销 力学性能 塑性变形 

分 类 号：TH142[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]