种植模式和留瓜节位对大棚厚皮甜瓜光合特性及产量品质的影响  

Effects of Cropping Patterns and Fruit Nodes on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Muskmelon in Greenhouse

作　　者：吕学梅 艾欣 张磊 张继波[4] LV Xue-mei;AI Xin;ZHANG Lei;ZHAGN Ji-bo(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Jinan 250031,China;Linyi Meteorological Bureau,Linyi 276004;Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018;Shandong Provincial Climate Center,Jinan 250031)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,济南250031 [2]临沂市气象局,临沂276004 [3]山东农业大学,泰安271018 [4]山东省气候中心,济南250031

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2024年第9期998-1011,共14页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MD114);浙江大学山东现代农业研究院服务地方经济发展项目(ZDNY-2020-FWLY02006);山东省气象局气象科研重点项目(2023sdqxz12)。

摘　　要：以厚皮甜瓜‘西州蜜25号’为试验材料,于临沂设施农业气象试验基地温室大棚内开展双因素裂区试验,设置2种种植模式(垄上单行D1和垄上双行D2)和3种留瓜节位(11-12节位R1、13-14节位R2和15-16节位R3)共6个处理,测定植株叶面积、光合参数、产量构成因素及果实品质,探究不同种植模式和留瓜节位对大棚厚皮甜瓜光合特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:(1)垄上单行种植模式光合效率高于双行种植模式,单行种植模式下甜瓜果实果径、单果重和可溶性糖含量较双行种植模式分别显著增加2.4%、11.1%和9.5%(P<0.05)。留瓜节位高低对植株营养生长和生殖生长调节作用明显,R2处理植株光合特性、果长、果径及单果重均表现最佳,单果重分别较R1、R3处理增加9.41%和14.73%(P<0.05)。留瓜节位对甜瓜果实品质影响极显著(P<0.01),R1处理下可溶性糖含量最高,R2处理糖酸比最大,R3处理VC和可滴定酸含量最高。(2)种植模式和留瓜节位交互作用对厚皮甜瓜叶面积、SPAD及Pn、Ci、Gs、Tr影响显著(P<0.05),至成熟前D1R2处理叶片SPAD以及Pn、Gs、Tr值最大。交互作用对果长的影响显著(P<0.05),对果径、果形指数和单果重影响极显著(P<0.01),其中D1R1处理果径最大,D1R3处理果型指数最高;D1R2处理果长和单果重最大,平均单果重较其他处理最大增重达28.7%。交互作用对VC含量影响显著(P<0.05),对可滴定酸、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比影响极显著(P<0.01),其中D2R3处理VC含量最高,D1R3处理可滴定酸含量最高,D1R1处理可溶性糖含量最高,D1R2处理糖酸比最大。(3)在种植密度和功能叶数量(22500株·hm^(-2),25节打顶)相同情况下,垄上单行种植和13-14节位留瓜互作模式(D1R2处理)厚皮甜瓜产量、风味口感和VC含量评价指标得分最高,商品价值最佳,推荐该种植模式在北方早春大棚厚皮甜瓜立架栽培中应用推广。A two-factor split-plot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Linyi agricultural meteorological experimental site using muskmelon'Xizhoumi 25'as the experimental material.The main area was two planting patterns of single row on ridge(D1)and double row on ridge(D2),and the sub-area was three kinds of melon nodes of 11-12 nodes(R1),13-14 nodes(R2)and 15-16 nodes(R3),a total of 6 treatments,The plant leaf area and photosynthetic parameters,yield components and fruit quality were measured to explore the effects of different planting patterns and melon retention nodes on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of muskmelon in greenhouse.The results showed that the photosynthetic efficiency of single row planting mode was higher than that of double row planting mode.The fruit diameter,single fruit weight and soluble sugar content of single row planting mode were significantly increased by 2.4%,11.1%and 9.5%,respectively,compared with double row planting mode(P<0.05).The effect of node location on vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the plant was obvious.The photosynthetic characteristics,fruit length,fruit diameter and single fruit weight of R2 treatment were the best,and the single fruit weight was 9.41%and 14.73%higher than that of R1 and R3,respectively(P<0.05).The effect on fruit quality was extremely significant(P<0.01).The R1 treatment had the highest soluble sugar content,the R2 treatment had the highest sugar-acid ratio,and the R3 treatment had the highest VC and titratable acid content.The interaction between planting pattern and node position had significant effects on leaf area,SPAD,Pn,Ci,Gs and Tr of muskmelon(P<0.05),and the SPAD,Pn,Gs and Tr values of D1R2 combination leaves were the largest before maturity.The interaction had a significant effect on fruit length(P<0.05),and had a very significant effect on fruit diameter,fruit shape index and single fruit weight(P<0.01).Among them,the fruit diameter value of D1R1 combination was the largest,and the fruit shape index of D1R3 wa

关 键 词：厚皮甜瓜 种植模式 留瓜节位 光合特性 产量品质 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学] S627[农业科学—园艺学] S162.55