河流分类分级分段及河流形态学研究进展  

Progressive researches on river classification,stream-order gradation,mainstream-channel segmentation and river morphology

作　　者：董耀华[1] DONG Yaohua(Key Laboratory of River Regulation and Flood Control of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River of MWR,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水利部长江中下游河湖治理与防洪重点实验室,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水利水电快报》2024年第9期6-13,共8页Express Water Resources & Hydropower Information

摘　　要：河流分类、河流分级及干流河道分段合称为河流三分(分类·分级·分段);基于河流三要素(流域-水系-干流河道)和河流三分-河流形态学-河流学体系,开展了河流三分理论研究及实践应用、河流形态学再构建以及河流形态定性特性与定量因子指标辨识。主要成果结论包括:①优化了独立与非独立河流分类、河流分级Horton法改进、河流5区分段等方法,完善了河流界定拓展、河流平等与分级、干流河道“层次分段”等新理论,总结了世界大江大河及长江河流三分实践应用;②河流形态学研究河流现状及恒常形态,包括以河流三分为基石的河流三要素特性研究和以干流河道平面-剖面-断面形态为核心的河谷-河床-河道形态研究;③定性辨识了河流形态15项殊相特性与共相原则(包括复合流域水系、复杂干流河道等形态特性,干流河道优先、河流湖泊统一、干流河道唯一、侵蚀基面统一等新增原则);④定量辨识了河流形态4类因子指标,双指标3种相关关系(并行-从属-或然)与3类组合模式(物理-化学-生物)以及三因子4类及9种相关模式(均衡线型-瓶颈线型-三角形-金字塔-均分圆-同心圆-同切圆-交叉圆-三角圆)。倡导“河流学-长江学-水科学”学科范式,积极践行“治河·治江·治水”理念。River classification,stream-order gradation and mainstream-channel segmentation can be collectively defined as fluvial tri-taxonomies.Based on fluvial 3-elements(watershed-basin,stream-network and mainstream-channel)and disciplines of fluvial tri-taxonomies,river morphology and river science,theoretical study and practical application of fluvial tri-taxonomies,and reestablishment of river morphology,and qualitative features and quantitative elements-indicators identification of river morphology are developed in the paper.Main results and conclusions are as follows:①Methods on classification of independent and non-independent river,improvement of Horton′s method on stream-order gradation and 5-subzones segmentation of mainstream-channel are optimized,new theories on river identification and expansion,river egalitarian versus stream gradation,and multi-layered segmentation of mainstream-channel are progressed,then practice and application of fluvial tri-taxonomies on worldwide large rivers and the Yangtze River are summarized.②River morphology is to study the status quo and constant fluvial formation,including study on features of fluvial 3-elements regarding fluvial tri-taxonomies as cornerstone and study on morphology of river valley-bed-channel regarding planform-profile-crosssection formations of mainstream-channel as keystone.③15 special features and universal principles of river morphology(such as formative features of compound watershed basin or stream network and complex mainstream channel,and new principles of mainstream-channel priority,lake-stream uniformity,mainstream-channel uniqueness and erosion-base unification)are qualitatively identified.④Meanwhile 4 types elements-indicators of river morphology,including 3 kinds of correlationships(coordinate-subordinate-contingent)and 3 types of combination modes(physical-chemical-biological)for 2-indicators,and 4 types or 9 kinds of interactive patterns(balance line-bottleneck line-triangle-pyramid-equiparted circle-concentric circle-cotangent circle-

关 键 词：独立与非独立河流分类 河流分级Horton法改进 河流5区分段法 河流形态学 双指标相关与组合 三因子相关模式 河流三要素(流域-水系-干流河道) 河流学-长江学-水科学 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]