基于玻色凝聚^(87)Rb原子气体相位Ramsey干涉的磁场探测  

Magnetic field sensing based on phase Ramsey interferometry with Bose condensed^(87)Rb atomic gases

作　　者：吴嘉涛 方瑞环 韩成银 马翥 詹畅 李懋捷 黄嘉豪 鹿博 李朝红 WU Jiatao;FANG Ruihuan;HAN Chengyin;MA Zhu;ZHAN Chang;LI Maojie;HUANG Jiahao;LU Bo;LEE Chaohong(School of Physics and Astronomy,Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Metrology,Sun Yat-Sen University(Zhuhai Campus),Zhuhai 519082,Guangdong Province,P.R.China;Institute of Quantum Precision Measurement,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong Province,P.R.China;Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,Shenzhen 518045,Guangdong Province,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学物理与天文学院,量子工程与精密测量实验室,广东珠海519082 [2]深圳大学量子精密测量研究所,物理与光电工程学院,射频异质异构集成全国重点实验室,广东深圳518060 [3]粤港澳大湾区量子科学中心,广东深圳518045

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（理工版）》2024年第5期517-523,共7页Journal of Shenzhen University(Science and Engineering)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFA1404104);国家自然科学基金资助项目(12025509,12104521)。

摘　　要：基于玻色凝聚原子气体的磁场探测可兼顾高灵敏度和高空间分辨率.利用一维光晶格中玻色凝聚^(87)Rb原子气体F=1,m_(F)=1→F=2,m_(F)=-1(F为原子总角动量的量子数,m_(F)为F能级的磁量子数)的双光子跃迁,已实现基于相位Ramsey干涉的精密磁场探测.本研究利用交叉光阱中玻色凝聚^(87)Rb原子气体F=1,m_(F)=1→F=2,m_(F)=0的单光子跃迁,实验研究了频域Ramsey干涉、时域Ramsey干涉及相位Ramsey干涉,并基于相位Ramsey干涉评估了静态磁场测量的灵敏度和空间分辨率.通过对比上述3种Ramsey干涉的实验结果,发现相位Ramsey干涉可有效避免频域Ramsey干涉条纹的畸变和时域Ramsey干涉的退相干效应,从而提高静态磁场测量的灵敏度和准确度.在无磁屏蔽环境中,利用体积为(1.31±0.03)×10^(-9)cm^(3)的玻色凝聚^(87)Rb原子气体,获得了130 nT/√Hz的灵敏度,通过压缩原子气体制备时间和提高信号积累时间,灵敏度有望得到进一步提升.Magnetic field sensing utilizing Bose-condensed atomic gases can achieve both high sensitivity and spatial resolution.Employing two-photon transitions from F=1,m_(F)=1→F=2,m_(F)=-1(F is the quantum number of total atomic angular momentum,m_(F)is the magnetic quantum number of F level)of Bose-condensed^(87)Rb atomic gases in one-dimensional optical lattice,the precision magnetic field measurement with phase Ramsey interference has been demonstrated.Utilizing single-photon transitions from F=1,m_(F)=1→F=2,m_(F)=0 of Bose-condensed^(87)Rb atomic gases in a crossed optical dipole trap,we experimentally study frequency domain Ramsey interference,time domain Ramsey interference,and phase domain Ramsey interference.Based on phase Ramsey interference,the sensitivity and spatial resolution of static magnetic field measurement are evaluated.The comparison of these three typical Ramsey interferences reveals that phase Ramsey interference can effectively avoid the fringe distortion in frequency-domain interference and the decoherence effects in time-domain interference,thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the static magnetic field measurement.Utilizing Bose-condensed^(87)Rb atomic gases with the volume of(1.31±0.03)×10^(-9)cm^(3)in an unshielded environment,a sensitivity of 130 nT/√Hz for static magnetic fields can be achieved.By reducing the preparation time of the atomic gases and increasing the signal interrogation time,the sensitivity has the potential to be further improved.

关 键 词：光学 Ramsey光谱 光学泵浦 原子激光冷却与囚禁 玻色凝聚原子气体 精密磁场探测 

分 类 号：O562.3[理学—原子与分子物理]