呔商历史文化基础:明末清初冀东商品经济样态  

Historical and Cultural Basis of Taishang:The Pattern of Commodity Economy in Eastern Hebei during the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

作　　者：张心雨 周子超 周建波[1] Zhang Xinyu;Zhou Zichao;Zhou Jianbo(School of Economics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Business School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,北京100871 [2]中国政法大学商学院,北京100088

出　　处：《河北经贸大学学报》2024年第5期99-108,共10页Journal of Hebei University of Economics and Business

基　　金：中国李大钊研究会和北京大学李大钊研究中心支持项目“呔商研究”;国家社会科学基金重大项目“东亚同文书院经济调查资料的整理与研究”(20&ZD066)。

摘　　要：呔商以冀东永平府为起源地,为近代东北民族资本主义经济中不可忽视的力量。呔商的兴起源于明末清初以来冀东地区传统商品经济的发展。独特的地理环境塑造出冀东“耕织鱼盐”经济模式,滦河、渤海的传统水运培育冀东地区的商品经济观念,而农牧交界的地理位置形成冀东地区包容开放的商业氛围。在以上因素作用下,冀东商品经济传统逐渐形成。冀东商品经济的主要特点为,以粮布鱼盐为主要商品,以具有地域特色的码头市集贸易为特色,贸易范围涵盖环渤海与口外地区,与此同时服务于商业的牙行、典当业已经出现。在明末清初边禁趋缓的背景下,冀东商人觉察到关内关外的潜藏商机,毅然投身于闯关东大潮,开启百年呔商辉煌历史。Originating from Yongping Prefecture in eastern Hebei,the Taishang Group were an indispensable force in the modern national capitalist economy of Northeast China.The rise of the Taishang Group was due to the development of the traditional commodity economy in eastern Hebei since the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.The unique geographical environment shaped the economic model of"farming,weaving,fishing,and salt production"in eastern Hebei.The traditional water transportation along the Luan River and the Bohai Sea fostered the commodity economy mindset in eastern Hebei.The geographical location at the intersection of agriculture and animal husbandry formed the inclusive and open business atmosphere for the people in eastern Hebei.Influenced by the above factors,the tradition of commodity economy in eastern Hebei gradually took shape.The main characteristics of the commodity economy in eastern Hebei were that the grain,cloth,fish,and salt were the main commodities,forming the regional characteristics in ports and markets.The trade scope covered the Bohai Sea Rim and the regions north of the Great Wall,and the brokerages and pawnshops serving the business had already emerged.Against the backdrop of the easing of border restrictions in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,the merchants in eastern Hebei perceived the potential business opportunities inside and outside the Shanhai Pass,and resolutely embarked on the trend of venturing into the Northeast,opening a century of glory in the history of the Taishang Group.

关 键 词：呔商 明末清初 商品经济 河海运输 码头集市 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学] F729[历史地理—中国史]