利用胚挽救技术创制无核葡萄新材料  

Creation of new seedless grape materials via embryo rescue

作　　者：王栋 岳妙琦 包敏 王琦俐 王西平[1] WANG Dong;YUE Miaoqi;BAO Min;WANG Qili;WANG Xiping(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Key Laboratory of Northwest Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院·作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室·农业农村部西北园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第9期1705-1715,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2023-YBNY-077);陕西省农业农村厅现代种业发展项目。

摘　　要：【目的】以无核葡萄为母本进行无核葡萄新材料创制,探明火焰无核、克伦生、红宝石无核等无核葡萄品种为母本胚培养的幼果最佳采样时间,并通过分子标记辅助育种对杂种植株的无核性状进行早期鉴定,筛选杂交F1代无核材料,提高无核葡萄育种效率。【方法】通过胚挽救技术创制无核葡萄新材料,并利用无核分子标记p3-VvAGL11、GLSP1-569、SCF27-2000、SCC8-1018等对杂种植株无核性状进行鉴定。【结果】共获得杂种植株1059株,其中以红宝石无核为母本进行胚挽救的成苗率在12.48%以上,明显高于其他品种为母本的组合;火焰无核、克伦生、红宝石无核为杂交母本时,分别在第一次授粉后38、48、55 d采集幼果的胚挽救效率最高;利用无核分子标记p3-VvAGL11、GLSP1-569、SCF27-2000、SCC8-1018对杂种植株无核性状进行鉴定,所有杂交组合杂种后代的无核率均在58%以上。【结论】红宝石无核更适合作为胚挽救育种的母本材料,火焰无核、克伦生、红宝石无核为杂交母本时,分别在第一次授粉后38、48、55 d进行幼果采集效果较好,无核分子标记p3-VvAGL11、GLSP1-569、SCF27-2000、SCC8-1018可以准确对杂种植株的无核性状进行鉴定,缩短无核葡萄育种时间。【Objective】The experiment aimed to explore the optimum sampling time of the young berries for embryo rescue and to verify the feasibility of identification of seedless traits in hybrid offsprings using molecular markers in grape.【Methods】Flame Seedless,Zicui Seedless,Crimson Seedless,Ruby Seedless were selected as female parents for hybridization,and the sampling time gradients for young fruits were set for the female parent cultivars.The sampling times for young berries of Flame Seedless were 36 d,38 d,and 40 d after the first pollination,the sampling times for young berries of Crimson Seedless were 44 d,46 d,48 d,and 50 d after the first pollination,and the sampling times for young berries of Ruby Seedless were 53 d,55 d,and 57 d after the first pollination.The young fruits were taken to the laboratory for sterilization.After sterilization,the fruits were placed in a super clean environment.The seeds were taken out from the young fruits and cultured in MM3 medium for 8-12 weeks in the dark.After the dark cultivation,the seeds were placed in an ultraclean workbench.Under a dissecting microscope,the embryos were removed with a surgical knife and placed in WPM medium.They were cultured at room temperature with light for 40-60 days.The embryo development rate and embryo seedling rate of different cultivars were recorded.The seedless trait of the hybrid offsprings was identified using the nuclear free molecular marker p3-VvAGL11,GLSP1-569,SCF27-2000,SCC8-1018.【Results】The embryo development rates of the three crossing combinations of Ruby Seedless as the female parent were significantly higher than those of the other combinations.Moreover,the embryo seedling rates of these three combinations were significantly higher than those of the other combinations.A sampling time gradient was set for crossing combinations of Flame Seedless,Crimson Seedless,and Ruby Seedless as female parents.It was found that the two combinations of Flame Seedless×Jumeigui and Flame Seedless×Shine Muscat had embryo development ra

关 键 词：无核葡萄 胚挽救 分子标记 辅助育种 新种质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]