苹果砧木新品种鲁砧1号离体叶片高效不定植株再生  

High-efficiency regeneration from leaf explants of apple rootstock Luzhen 1

作　　者：王海波[1] 王森 郑文燕 王平 何晓文 常源升 何平[1] 孙清荣[1] 李林光[1] WANG Haibo;WANG Sen;ZHENG Wenyan;WANG Ping;HE Xiaowen;CHANG Yuansheng;HEPing;SUN Qingrong;LI Linguang(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai’an 271000,Shandong,China;Shandong Yanfu Agricultural Science&Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yantai 265699,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]山东烟富农业科技有限公司,山东烟台265699

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第9期1781-1788,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2023LZGCQY009);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-27);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021MC045);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2023A28)。

摘　　要：【目的】建立苹果半矮化砧木新品种鲁砧1号离体叶片高效不定梢再生技术体系,为该砧木快繁和遗传改良奠定技术基础。【方法】以鲁砧1号无菌苗离体叶片为外植体,研究碳源、细胞分裂素种类和质量浓度对叶片不定梢再生的影响;以不定梢为试材,研究基本培养基、蔗糖质量浓度对不定梢生根的影响。【结果】MS添加较低质量浓度(0.6 mg·L^(-1))细胞分裂素(TDZ)时,碳源物质为D-山梨醇的叶片不定梢再生率显著高于蔗糖;其他激素处理下,D-山梨醇和蔗糖之间叶片不定梢再生率无显著差异。两种碳源上的平均每叶不定芽(梢)数,都表现较高细胞分裂素质量浓度处理高于或显著高于较低细胞分裂素质量浓度处理,以TDZ质量浓度为1 mg·L^(-1)时产生的不定芽数最多,平均每叶不定芽数为3.8~4个。在不定芽诱导培养基上,6-苄基氨基嘌呤(BA)比TDZ更容易诱导产生直接伸长生长的不定梢。不定梢生根率和平均每株生根条数,两种基本培养基及两个蔗糖质量浓度之间都表现差异不显著,但以1/4MS基本培养基和20 g·L^(-1)蔗糖组合的生根培养基上获得的生根率和单株生根条数最高,分别超过93%和5.8。【结论】鲁砧1号离体叶片容易诱导再生不定芽和不定梢生根,诱导叶片不定芽再生最佳培养基为MS添加1 mg·L^(-1)TDZ、0.3 mg·L^(-1)IBA和30 g·L^(-1)蔗糖,最佳生根培养基为1/4MS添加0.3~0.5 mg·L^(-1)IBA和20 g·L^(-1)蔗糖。【Objective】Apple rootstocks are used to influence precocity,tree size,fruit quality,yield efficiency,mineral uptake and disease related to replanting,and to withstand adverse environmental conditions.Dwarfing rootstocks play an important role in developing modern orchards.New apple rootstock cultivar Luzhen 1 is a semi-dwarfing rootstock which was selected and released by Shandong Institute of Pomology.This new rootstock has similar effect on tree size to M.26.It can be propagated clonally and has good grafting compatibility with many scion cultivars.The purpose of this paper is to establish a system of high-efficiency plant regeneration from leaf explants of Luzhen 1 and to provide a method for commercial propagation of the plant and genetic improvement using biotechnological methods.【Methods】In mid-to-late April,semi-lignified healthy shoots of Luzhen 1 were used as explants for culture of in vitro sterile plantlets.The leaves from the aseptic plantlets were cultured to induce adventitious shoots.Through the above experiments,the effects of carbon source and type and concentration of cytokinin on leaf regeneration were studied.Further,the effects of basic medium and sucrose concentration on rooting of adventitious shoots were also studied.【Results】The axillary buds on semilignified shoots broke and extended to form aseptic green plantlets,after culturing on the axillary bud initiation medium for 3 weeks.These plantlets grew well on the secondary proliferation medium with good proliferation and elongation growth,and the monthly multiplication ratio was above 5.0,indicating easy multiplication and propagation of Luzhen 1.In the two carbon sources tested,D-sorbitol and sucrose were both effective in inducing adventitious bud.Except that the adventitious bud regeneration rate on D-sorbitol was significantly higher than that on sucrose at a low cytokinin(TDZ)concentration of 0.6 mg·L^(-1),there was no significant difference in the adventitious bud regeneration rate between the two carbon sources in othe

关 键 词：苹果 矮化砧木 离体叶片 叶片不定梢再生 不定梢生根 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]