三江源区鱼类多样性调查及保护对策  

Fish Diversity Investigation in the Three-River Headwater Region and Strategies for Conservation

作　　者：陈锋[1] 袁婷 熊满堂 赵先富[1] 马沛明[1] 朱滨[1] 张志永[1] 刘晖[1] 董方勇[1] 李键庸 CHEN Feng;YUAN Ting;XIONG Man-tang;ZHAO Xian-fu;MA Pei-ming;ZHU Bin;ZHANG Zhi-yong;LIU Hui;DONG Fang-yong;LI Jian-yong(Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry ofWater Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China;Key laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry ofWater Resources,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2024年第5期1-8,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3202102)。

摘　　要：了解三江源区鱼类多样性及其资源现状,为三江源区生态系统保护和流域管理提供科学依据。2022年8月开展了长江源、黄河源、澜沧江源鱼类调查,分析了3个水系鱼类组成与分布,探讨了鱼类多样性特征,研究了三江源地区鱼类群落的空间格局。结果表明:三江源区共调查到鱼类18种,其中长江源9种,黄河源8种,澜沧江源6种;根据相对重要性指数,长江源优势种3种,依次为细尾高原鳅(Triplophysa stenura)、小头高原鱼(Herzensteinin microcephalus)、裸腹叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus dipogon),黄河源优势种2种,包括麻尔柯高原鳅(T.markehenensis)和黄河裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis pylzovi),澜沧江源优势种4种,依次为前腹裸裂尻鱼(S.anteroventris)、裸腹叶须鱼、东方高原鳅(T.orientalis)和细尾高原鳅;三江源区鱼类多样性相对较低,其中澜沧江源最高,长江源次之,黄河源最低。对鱼类种类组成进行聚类分析,结果表明长江源和澜沧江源相近,黄河源则与长江源、澜沧江源差距较大。为切实保护好三江源区鱼类资源,建议加强本底调查,开展关键栖息地生态环境监测和保护,构建三江源区水生生物资源数据库,关注气候变化对水生态环境的影响,预防和控制外来鱼类入侵。The Three-River Headwater Region(TRHR)is the source of the Yangtze River,Yellow River and Lancang River.In this study,we analyzed the fish resource status in the TRHR,focusing on species composition,diversity and the spatial distribution of fish communities.The aim of the study was to provide scientific evidence for ecosystem protection and basin management in the TRHR.The study was based on a fishery resource investigation conducted at 14 sampling sites in the TRHR in August 2022.A total of 18 fish species were collected,including 9 species from Yangtze River,8 species from Yellow River and 6 species from Lancang River.There was only one species(Triplophysa orientalis)common to all three rivers,and three species(Ptychobarbus dipogon,T.stenura and T.anterodorsalis)common to Yangtze River and Lancang River.Species composition in the Yellow River varied significantly from the other two rivers.According to the index of relative importance(IRI),there were 3 dominant species in the Yangtze River(T.stenura,Herzensteinin microcephalus and P.dipogon),2 dominant species in the Yellow River(T.markehenensis and Schizopygopsis pylzovi)and 4 dominant species in the Lancang(S.anteroventris,P.dipogon,T.orientalis and T.stenura).Fish community diversity in the TRHR was relatively low.The highest fish diversity was in the source region of Lancang River,followed by the source region of Yangtze River and then Yellow River.Cluster analysis of fish species composition shows that the fish community in the source region of Yangtze River was similar to that in Lancang River and clearly different from the source region of Yellow River.In order to effectively protect fish resources in the TRHR,we recommend strengthening background investigations,ecological monitoring and habitat protection,building a database of fishery resources,attending to the impact of climate change on the aquatic ecological environment and preventing the invasion of exotic fish species.

关 键 词：鱼类多样性 空间格局 优势种 保护对策 三江源区 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]