水体震荡对鲢鱼卵孵化的影响  

Effect of Water Oscillation on Fish Egg Development of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

作　　者：张先炳 谢婷婷 黄尚 杨威[1] 柴凯 李文杰[1] ZHANG Xian-bing;XIE Ting-ting;HUANG Shang;YANG Wei;CHAI Kai;LI Wen-jie(Chongqing Jiaotong University,National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ecological Waterway,Chongqing 400074,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学,国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心,重庆市生态航道重点实验室,重庆400074

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2024年第5期106-114,共9页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42007213)。

摘　　要：大坝建设使江河水文条件发生显著变化,明确震荡波动的水环境对漂流性鱼卵孵化过程的影响,对鱼类繁殖及资源保护具有重要意义。通过室内试验,采用外界能量输入法分析震荡能量与孵化率之间的关系,探究6个不同发育阶段鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鱼卵经过水体震荡后的孵化率、仔鱼畸形率及孵化历时变化。结果表明,随水体震荡强度或震荡时长增加,胚胎孵化率逐渐降低,仔鱼畸形率也逐渐升高;处于原肠期的鱼卵对震荡最为敏感,其孵化率由80%以上降至40%以下,且孵出的仔鱼全部畸形;大部分发育阶段的受精卵经过震荡后孵化历时缩短,其中器官分化期和出膜期的鱼卵孵化历时减少30%以上;当卵裂期单个鱼卵输入的机械能由0增加至3.733×10^(-5)J,其孵化率下降约20%,畸形率增加50%以上。震荡后的胚胎孵化历时缩短现象是环境诱导的结果,间接证明了漂流性卵鱼类孵化机制的可塑性与多样性。研究结果为衡量外界环境刺激胚胎程度强弱提供了新的量化思路和方法。The construction of dams has significantly altered the hydrological conditions of rivers,and understanding the impact of fluctuating water environments on the incubation process of drifting fish eggs is crucial for fish reproduction and resource conservation.In this study,we quantified the impact of water oscillation on the incubation of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix eggs at different developmental stages from the perspective of energy input,focusing on hatching rate,hatching duration,and larva malformation rate of silver carp eggs under different water oscillation intensities.On June 8 and 9 of 2022,indoor experiments were conducted to study the incubation condition of H.molitrix eggs at six developmental stages(cell cleavage,blastula,gastrula,neurula,organ differentiation periods and larvae hatching out from the membrane)after being subjected to water oscillation of three intensities(600,1200,1800 r/min).The relationship between oscillation energy and hatching rate was then analyzed in terms of energy input to the fish eggs.Results show that the hatching rate of fish eggs decreased gradually,and the malformation rate of larvae increased with the increase of water oscillation intensity or oscillation time.After oscillation of fish eggs at gastrula stage,the hatching rate of fish eggs decreased from more than 80% to less than 40%,and all the incubated larvae were deformed,indicating that the most sensitive developmental stage to oscillation is gastrula stage.The incubation duration of most fertilized eggs at different developmental stages shortened after oscillation,and the incubation duration of fish eggs at organ differentiation stage and larvae breaking out from the membrane stage reduced by more than 30% after oscillation;when the mechanical energy input to a single fish egg at cleavage stage increased from 0 to 3.733×10^(-5) J,its hatching rate decreased by about 20%,and the malformation rate increased by more than 50%.The shortened incubation duration of embryos after shaking is the result of environmental i

关 键 词：鲢 漂流性卵 水体震荡 孵化率 畸形率 能量输入 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]