环境胁迫对人脑发育的影响及其机制  

Effects of environmental stress on human brain development and its mechanisms

作　　者：刘芳妤 赵江华[3] 王银山 黄乾生[1] Fangyu Liu;Jianghua Zhao;Yinshan Wang;Qiansheng Huang(Xiamen Key Laboratory of Indoor Air and Health,Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen 361021,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100049,China;Computer Network Information Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100038,China;State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室,厦门市室内空气与健康重点实验室,厦门361021 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院计算机网络信息中心,北京100038 [4]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第24期3532-3546,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(32161143016);福建省自然科学基金(2021J06037,2022T3063)资助。

摘　　要：遗传和环境因素共同调节人脑发育过程.环境包括社会环境和自然环境,对人脑发育的影响是多层次、多方面的.近年来,科学家对环境与人脑发育关系的探讨逐渐深入.社会环境中社会经济地位、社会接触和社会文化背景等对人脑发育的作用逐渐被重视;自然环境中大气颗粒物、重金属及各类新污染物等对人脑发育的胁迫也日益受到关注.社会环境和自然环境共同定义了不同地区的特征环境,故不同地区儿童脑发育所受到的环境影响有所不同.本综述归集流行病学和毒理学数据,提供不同环境因子在分子水平、器官水平以及个体水平上对人脑发育过程产生干扰的多层次证据,总结不同环境因素对人脑发育的作用机制和效应,将目光集中在环境神经科学视角下多重环境因素对人脑发育的综合影响.截至目前,相关研究大多聚焦于单一环境因素暴露对人脑发育的效应,这与现实暴露环境中多重因素复合效应有所差距.今后,需要进一步厘清人脑发育与环境间复杂的互作关系,突破多重环境胁迫对人脑发育的研究体系;在厘清单一污染物对人脑发育作用效果的前提下,利用大数据分析和叠加因子修正等方法构建综合模型,量化复杂环境体系对人脑发育的综合影响,为环保政策的制定和公共健康干预提供科学支撑.Human brain development is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors.The environment,including social and natural aspects,plays a significant role at different stages of development.In recent years,scientists have become increasingly focused on trying to understand the complex relationship between the environment and how the human brain develops.Researchers have placed greater emphasis on the influence of socio-economic status,social interactions and socio-cultural background on human brain development when studying the social environment.Similarly,the impact of particulate matter in the air,heavy metals and emerging pollutants in the natural environment on human brain development has received increasing attention.These factors have attracted attention because of their potential effects on brain development.It is important to recognise that the social and natural environments interact to shape the unique characteristics of different regions,resulting in variation in environmental effects on children’s brain development.This comprehensive review provides multi-level evidence,from the molecular to the individual and organ level,of how different environmental factors affect human brain development,combining epidemiological and toxicological data.This review summarises the mechanisms and effects of environmental factors on human brain development during childhood.Adverse environmental stressors have been identified as factors that may have an impact on brain development.It is important to note that these environmental stressors exert their effects in a manner that is dependent on the type and dose of exposure.In addition,the human brain responds to environmental stimuli in a way that is specific to each period.To understand the combined effects of multiple environmental factors on human brain development,it is crucial to adopt an environmental neuroscience perspective.Therefore,it is important to consider the combined effects of multiple environmental factors.Existing studies have mainly focused on invest

关 键 词：人脑发育 社会环境 自然环境 环境暴露 作用机制 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X503.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]