极端气候对中国粮食生产的影响及其应对措施  

The impact of extreme climate on China's grain production and countermeasures

作　　者：许航 刘盛 刘磊 刘学军[1] XU Hang;LIU Sheng;LIU Lei;LIU Xuejun(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第16期82-90,共9页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42371324,42001347,41471343);国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1900604,ZD20232320,2017YFD0200101);中国农业大学高水平团队建设项目。

摘　　要：随着全球气候变暖趋势加剧,极端气候事件对粮食生产的影响愈发显著。2023年中国粮食生产遭受极端气候的严重冲击,导致全国农田大面积减产,对粮食安全构成了严重威胁。为应对频发的极端气候事件,从全国农业布局调整、作物育种研发、农田水利设施建设、土壤质量优化、立法保障农业绿色发展、推广农业金融服务、建立农业灾害预警系统等7个方面提出了中国极端气候事件频发下的应对措施,并通过与《“十四五”全国种植业发展规划》对比,提出了中国应对极端气候事件的策略。中国未来粮食生产的核心任务是提高对各种灾害的长期防御能力,重视气候变化给未来农业生产带来的挑战,确保粮食生产的安全与稳定。With the intensified global warming trend,frequent extreme climatic events have an increasingly significant impact on China's grain production.In 2023,China's grain production was severely impacted by extreme climate,resulting in nationwide output reduction,posing a serious threat to food security.In response to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather,seven countermeasures are proposed:adjusting the national agricultural layout,conducting research and development on crop breeding,constructing agricultural water conservancy facilities,optimizing soil quality,legislating to ensure green agricultural development,promoting agricultural financial services,and establishing an agricultural disaster early warning system.By juxtaposing these measures with the objectives outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Planting Industry Development,this article provides reference for crafting strategies to response future extreme climatic events in China.The core task for China's future grain production is enhancing long-term capabilities against various disasters and advocating further attention to the challenges of climate change posed on future agricultural production,to ensure secure and stable grain production.

关 键 词：气候变化 极端气候 粮食生产 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] S42[农业科学—植物保护]