由唐入宋词调韵式嬗变探迹  

A Study on the Evolution of the Tone Rhyme from the Tang to the Song Dynasty

作　　者：姚逸超 Yao Yichao

机构地区：[1]浙大城市学院

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2024年第3期123-131,共9页Chinese Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“北宋前期词调研究”(22FZWB025)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：唐五代到北宋前期,是词律逐渐形成、定型的时期,词体用韵的方式体现出文学传统与音乐元素对词体体制形成和发展的影响。词调初兴之时,以押平韵为主,体现着文学传统强大的惯性。而仄声韵词调与入声韵词调的增长,是由其因乐定词的性质所决定的,反映出音乐元素对于词体的约束逐渐增强。平仄转韵词调于晚唐五代兴盛,于北宋前期又呈低迷之态,这与唐宋时期所流行的词调类型相关。唐代小令繁盛,宋代长调兴起,小令多受酒令令格影响,故唐词多转韵之体;长调铺陈衍展,讲求安排,于词中频繁转韵既不利于长调气势之连贯,又增加了词人创作的难度,故宋初转韵之体式微。对唐宋词调韵式嬗变生成机制的研究,对探究文体发生的一般规律亦有重要意义。The period from the Tang and Five Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty marked the gradual formation of ci's rhyme,and the way of the use of rhymes in ci reflected the influence of literary traditions and musical elements on the formation and development of ci system.When ci tunes first emerged,they primarily employed level tones in rhymes,showcasing a strong inertia in literary traditions.The increase in the use of oblique tones and entering tones in ci tunes was determined by their nature of being adapted to music,reflecting a gradual increasing of the constraints of musical elements on ci.The level and oblique tones flourished in the Late Tang and Five Dynasties,and then declined in the early Northern Song Dynasty,which is associated with the type of lyrics popularized in Tang and Song dynasties.In the Tang Dynasty,short lyrics were prevalent,while in the Song Dynasty,long tunes emerged.Short lyrics were often influenced by drinking games,so the Tang ci was mostly in the form of changing rhymes.Long tunes,on the other hand,required elaboration and emphasized on arrangement.Frequent rhyme alternation in long tunes not only hindered the coherence of it but also increased the difficulty of composition for poets.Therefore,the style of rhyme alternation declined in the early Song Dynasty.The study of the generative mechanism of rhyme alternation in Tang and Song lyrics is also of great significance for exploring the general rules of stylistic development.

关 键 词：词调 韵式嬗变 生成机制 

分 类 号：I222.8[文学—中国文学]