农村饮用水除氟技术的生命周期环境评价和费用分析  

Life Cycle Assessment and Cost Analys of Rural Drinking Water Defluoridation Technologies

作　　者：冯健恒 陈明如 周斌龙 郭旭[2] 于占成 白昱[1] 周律[1] FENG Jianheng;CHEN Mingru;ZHOU Binlong;GUO Xu;YU Zhancheng;BAI Yu;ZHOU Lü(School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Rural Healthy Drinking Water Affairs Center of Fangshan District,Fangshan District Water-Affair Authority,Beijing 102488,China;Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100082,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [2]北京市房山区水务局农村健康饮水事务中心,北京102488 [3]北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司,北京100082

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第9期1958-1964,共7页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFC0408700)。

摘　　要：全球超过2.6亿人受高氟地下水影响,对于常以地下水为饮用水源的农村来说,由于经济、管理等原因,饮用水除氟实现的难度大、要求高,因此,通过多角度综合对比研究不同饮用水除氟技术在农村分散分质供水条件下除氟的优劣,为农村饮用水除氟提供更全面的依据和借鉴,实现农村绿色可持续供水。该研究针对农村地区饮用水除氟,从除氟效果、生命周期环境影响和生命周期费用角度对比研究电絮凝、化学混凝、吸附3种技术。结果表明:①电絮凝技术除氟效果优于化学混凝和吸附技术,当药剂浓度(以铝计)为200 mg/L时,电絮凝和化学混凝技术处理后的氟浓度分别为(0.36±0.18)和(1.6±0.2)mg/L,吸附技术所需要的吸附剂是电絮凝和化学混凝技术所产生絮体量最大值的3.6倍。②电絮凝、化学混凝和吸附技术的电极或药剂在多数环境影响指标中贡献率为12%~92%,因此减少电极或药剂的使用量是最佳选择。③电絮凝技术的生命周期费用相较于化学混凝和吸附技术低8%~41%。研究显示,对于农村分散式地区,电絮凝是更有优势的饮用水除氟技术。More than 260 million people worldwide are affected by groundwater with high fluoride.For rural areas where groundwater is often used as drinking water source,the realization of drinking water defluoridation is difficult and more demanding due to the economic and management reasons in rural areas.Therefore,a comparative study of different drinking water defluorination technologies under rural decentralized water supply conditions can provide a more comprehensive basis for drinking water defluorination and achieve green and sustainable water supply in rural areas.Regarding drinking water defluoridation in rural areas,three technologies,namely electrocoagulation,chemical coagulation,and adsorption were compared from the perspectives of defluoridation efficiency,life cycle environmental impacts,and life cycle cost.The results show that:(1)The defluoridation of electroflocculation technology is better than chemical coagulation and adsorption technologies.When the chemical concentration was 200 mg/L(as aluminum),the fluorine concentration after electroflocculation and chemical coagulation treatment was(0.36±0.18)mg/L and(1.6±0.2)mg/L,respectively.The adsorbent required for adsorption was 3.6 times of the maximum floc volume of electroflocculation and chemical flocculation.(2)The contribution of electrodes or agents of electrocoagulation,chemical coagulation and adsorption technologies to most environmental impact indicators was 12%-92%.Therefore,reducing the use of electrodes or chemicals is the best choice.(3)The life cycle cost of electroflocculation technology was 8%-41% lower than that of chemical coagulation and adsorption technologies.Studies have shown that electrocoagulation technology is a more advantageous technology for drinking water defluoridation in decentralized rural areas.

关 键 词：饮用水除氟 电絮凝 化学混凝 吸附 生命周期评价 生命周期费用 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]