抗病毒药物利巴韦林降解菌群的富集:微生物群落结构、降解特征及机理  

Enrichment of Antiviral Drug Ribavirin-Degrading Bacterial Consortia:Microbial Community Structure,Degradation Characteristics and Mechanism

作　　者：李紫辉 何欢[1] 郭子维 杨世承 熊金瑞 黄斌[1] 张皓东[1] 潘学军[1] LI Zihui;HE Huan;GUO Ziwei;YANG Shicheng;XIONG Jinrui;HUANG Bin;ZHANG Haodong;PAN Xuejun(Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第9期2064-2073,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.42067056);云南省基础研究计划重点项目(No.202101BE070001-013)。

摘　　要：利巴韦林(RBV)是一种可针对多种RNA和DNA病毒的广谱抗病毒药物。但人体对RBV的低吸收率导致约60%的RBV以排泄物的方式排出体外,造成水体污染。微生物降解是目前常用的环境修复技术,但鲜见关于RBV降解菌群或菌株的报道。本研究从活性污泥中富集提取了一种可以有效降解RBV的微生物群落,并基于16S rRNA测序数据对菌群结构进行了详细描述。富集菌群可以在3天内降解97.24%的RBV(初始浓度为5.0 mg/L),生物降解过程符合一级动力学方程(R^(2)>0.96)。此外,它们能在弱酸性、中性的pH范围(5.0~7.0)和中高温(35.0~40.0℃)下保持较高的降解性能。在RBV降解过程中,共检测到7种可能的中间产物并基于此构建了RBV生物降解途径。降解产物的急性毒性实验表明,RBV经过生物降解后其毒性降低。富集菌群中丰度较高的变形杆菌属和克雷伯氏菌属可能在RBV生物降解中发挥潜在作用。碳氮裂解酶、ABC转运蛋白和异种生物的生物降解及代谢相关的基因可能与RBV生物降解有关。本研究为RBV的防控提供了一种可行的生物降解方法。Ribavirin(RBV)is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug against various RNA and DNA viruses.However,its low metabolism rate in the human body results in approximately 60%of RBV being excreted in feces,leading to water pollution.Microbial degradation is a commonly used environmental remediation technology.Nevertheless,there are still research gaps regarding strains or microbial communities that degrade RBV.In this study,the microbial community that could effectively degrade RBV was firstly extracted from activated sludge.Based on 16S rRNA sequencing data,a comprehensive elucidation of the microbial community structure was provided in this study.In a span of 3 days,the enriched microbial community successfully degraded almost all of 5.0 mg/L RBV,with an impressive degradation rate of 97.24%.The biodegradation process followed a first-order kinetics model(R^(2)>0.96).Furthermore,these microorganisms showed superior degradation efficiency in the pH range of 5.0-7.0 and the temperatures ranging of 35.0-40.0℃.Seven possible intermediate products were detected during RBV degradation,and the biodegradation pathway of RBV was proposed based on these intermediates.After the biodegradation of RBV,a reduction in the acute toxicity of the solution was observed.Genus Proteus and Klebsiella showed relatively high abundance in the enriched microbial community and may potentially play important roles in RBV biodegradation.The carbon-nitrogen lyase,ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters,and genes related to xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism may be associated with RBV biodegradation.This study presents a safe and effective biodegradation method to mitigate RBV pollution.

关 键 词：利巴韦林(RBV) 生物降解 微生物群落 降解产物和途径 宏基因组学 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]