广东省制造业员工职业紧张、心理资本与职业倦怠相关性研究  

Correlation of occupational stress,psychological capital,and job burnout among manufacturing employees in Guangdong Province

作　　者：李晓艺[1] 陈惠清[1] 陈嘉斌[1] 郭垚 王瑾[3] 刘晓曼[3] 李霜[3] LI Xiaoyi;CHEN Huiqing;CHEN Jiabin;GUO Yao;WANG Jin;LIU Xiaoman;LI Shuang(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China;Foshan Institute for Occupational Disease Control and Prevention,Foshan Institute of Occupational Health,Foshan,Guangdong 528000,China;National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东广州510300 [2]佛山市职业病防治所(佛山市职业健康研究院),广东佛山528000 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2024年第4期459-463,469,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所中央财政项目(131031109000160008);广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(A2019498、B2019197、B2023176、A2024248);佛山市医学类科技攻关项目(2020001005677)。

摘　　要：目的调查广东省制造业员工职业倦怠现状及其影响因素,分析职业紧张、心理资本与职业倦怠之间的关系。方法2020年9月,采用方便抽样方法,以广东省4家制造业企业的1437名工人为研究对象,进行横断面调查。采用《职业紧张测量核心量表》《心理资本问卷》《Maslach职业倦怠调查普适量表》对其职业紧张、心理资本和职业倦怠进行调查;采用多元线性回归分析法分析职业倦怠的影响因素及心理资本在职业紧张与职业倦怠之间的中介作用。结果广东省制造业员工职业倦怠检出率为60.4%(868/1437)。制造业员工职业倦怠与职业紧张呈正相关(r=0.568,P<0.001),与心理资本呈负相关(r=-0.339,P<0.001);职业紧张与心理资本呈负相关(r=-0.250,P<0.001)。心理资本在职业紧张和职业倦怠之间存在部分中介作用。多元线性回归分析结果显示,制造业员工职业紧张每增加1分,职业倦怠平均增加0.083分(P<0.001);心理资本每增加1分,职业倦怠平均减少0.267分(P<0.001)。结论广东省制造业员工职业倦怠水平较高,职业紧张既可以直接影响职业倦怠,也可以通过心理资本间接影响职业倦怠。应采取有效的干预措施,降低制造业员工职业紧张,并提高其心理资本,以降低其职业倦怠发生的风险。Objective To investigate the situation and influencing factors of job burnout among manufacturing employees in Guangdong Province and analyze the relationship between occupational stress,psychological capital,and job burnout.Methods In September 2020,a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1437 employees in four manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province using a convenient sampling method.The questionnaires of the Core Occupational Stress Scale,the Psychological Capital Questionnaire,and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey were used to investigate their occupational stress,psychological capital,and job burnout.The multiple linear regression analysis method was used to analyze the influencing factors of job burnout and the mediating role of psychological capital in occupational stress and job burnout.Results The rate of job burnout among these manufacturing employees in Guangdong Province was 60.4%(868/1437).There was a positive correlation between job burnout and occupational stress(r=0.568,P<0.001)and a negative correlation with psychological capital(r=-0.339,P<0.001);occupational stress was negatively correlated with psychological capital(r=-0.250,P<0.001).Psychological capital played a partial mediating role between occupational stress and job burnout.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the average score of job burnout increased by 0.083 points for each point increase in occupational stress;the average score of job burnout decreased by 0.267 points for each point increase in psychological capital(P<0.001).Conclusions The manufacturing employees in Guangdong Province had a high prevalence of job burnout.Occupational stress could directly affect job burnout and indirectly affect job burnout through psychological capital.Effective interventions should be implemented to reduce the level of occupational stress or improving the psychological capital of manufacturing workers to reduce the risk of job burnout.

关 键 词：制造业 职业紧张 心理资本 职业倦怠 相关性 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生] C970.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]