自带动力式秸秆还田联合作业机设计及试验  

Design and Experiment of Self-Powered Straw Returning Combine Operation Machine

作　　者：刘思杰 张立萍 郑威强 张杰[1] LIU Sijie;ZHANG Liping;ZHENG Weiqiang;ZHANG Jie(School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Modern Industry,Xinjiang University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830017,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学智能制造现代产业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（自然科学版中英文）》2024年第5期629-640,共12页Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition in Chinese and English)

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技援疆项目“免耕播种机关键零件材料和加工工艺研究及应用”(2021E02049)。

摘　　要：针对新疆地区小麦秸秆还田作业时,现有耕整设备集成化低、作业质量差、周期长、需配套大功率拖拉机等问题,设计了一种自带动力式秸秆还田联合作业机.分析了整机结构并计算了所需配套动力、牵引力大小、旋耕刀辊直径,利用EDEM离散元仿真软件,建立土壤-秸秆-旋耕刀辊仿真模型,对螺旋形排列刀辊秸秆还田率、平整度、碎土率进行分析,以刀辊转速、作业速度、旋耕深度为试验因素,以秸秆还田率、旋耕扭矩为评价指标,开展三因素三水平正交试验,对试验结果进行方差分析和二次回归拟合得到最优旋耕刀辊作业参数,采用田间试验对理论设计和仿真模型进行验证.该机具在刀辊转速为268 r/min、作业速度为0.85 m/s和旋耕深度为10.0 cm作业条件下,碎土率为90.77%、秸秆还田率为91.38%、地表平整度为1.04 cm.结果表明:所设计的自带动力式秸秆还田联合作业机,一次作业可实现深松、细碎、秸秆还田、平整、镇压功能,使土壤达到待播状态,作业性能出色,各项性能指标均优于相关农艺要求和技术标准.Aiming at the problems of low integration of existing tillage and finishing equipment,poor operation quality,long cycle time,and the need for supporting high-power tractors when wheat straw is returned to the field in Xinjiang,a self-powered straw returning combined operation machine was designed.The structure of the whole machine and the required supporting power,traction force size,rotary tillage knife roller diameter were analyzed and calculated.Using EDEM discrete element simulation software,we establish soil-straw-rotary tillage knife roller simulation model,and analyze the spiral arrangement of knife roller straw return rate,flatness,soil crushing rate.Taking the knife roller rotational speed,operating speed,rotary tillage depth as a test factor,and taking the straw return rate,rotary tillage torque as an evaluation index,the three-factor three-level orthogonal test was carried out.The results were analyzed and quadratic regression fitting was used to obtain the optimal rotary tillage cutter roller operating parameters,and the theoretical design and simulation model were verified by field tests.Under the operating conditions of 268 r/min knife roller speed,0.85 m/s operating speed and 10.0 cm rotary tillage depth,the soil crushing rate was 90.77%,the straw return rate was 91.38%,and the ground surface flatness was 1.04 cm.The test results showed that the designed self-powered straw return combine machine can realize the functions of deep loosening,fine crushing,straw return,flatness,and suppression in one operation,so that the soil can reach the state of ready-to-plant.The operational performance is excellent,and all performance indicators exceed the relevant agronomic requirements and technical standards.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 联合作业机 旋耕 离散元仿真 

分 类 号：S233.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]