明嘉万年间浙直水兵建置研究  

Study on the Navy Institutions of Zhejiang and Nanzhili during the Jaijing and Wanli Periods in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：姜瑞雯 Jiang Ruiwen

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《海交史研究》2024年第2期13-29,共17页Journal of Maritime History Studies

摘　　要：嘉靖年间倭乱爆发促使浙江、南直隶沿海一带建成独立水兵。这支兵力由卫所军船与雇募兵船共同组成。浙直战场平定后,战时水兵转化为防倭常备力量。为节省经费,明朝政府采取裁减募兵、抽军补兵方式厘定兵制,使原有卫所军兵、民壮弓兵向新的体系输送人丁等。由于卫所军丁水战能力有限,相比陆兵,明代水兵更依赖招募,兵营中募兵比例逐步上升。万历年间,浙直水兵采取短募与选汰相调剂的办法,维持水兵部队额定编制与有效战力,卫所军余设法以被招募形式进入新的兵员体系。The outbreak of pirate insurgency during the Jiajing period prompted the establishment of an independent navy along the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Nanzhili.This military force consisted of soldiers and ships selected from garrisons and recruited from civilians.After the anti-pirate battle in Zhejiang and Nanzhili came to an end,the wartime troops were converted into standing forces.To reduce military spending,the Ming government reduced the number of recruited soldiers,relying on the original garrisons,militia,and archers to provide personnel and resources to the new conscription system.Due to the limited capability of the garrison soldiers to engage in naval warfare,the navy relied more on recruited soldiers.The proportion of the latter in battalions gradually increased.During the Wanli period,the navy of Zhejiang and Nanzhili combined short-term enlistment with selective elimination to maintain a fixed headcount and combat effectiveness.The surplus in garrisons was managed by recruiting the soldiers into the new system.

关 键 词：明代 水兵 卫所制 募兵 营兵制 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] E291[历史地理—中国史]