红螯螯虾不同养殖群体和选育群体遗传多样性及遗传结构分析  

Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure Analysis of Different Cultured Populations and Breeding Populations of Cherax quadricarinatus

作　　者：欧阳苗峰 陈红林 刘峰 周焕 楼宝 钱豪杰 钱伦 OUYANG Miao-Feng;CHEN Hong-Lin;LIU Feng;ZHOU Huan;LOU Bao;QIAN Hao-Jie;QIAN Lun(College of Life Science,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313002,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Haining Honghai Culture Co.,Ltd.,Haining 314400,China;Haining Aquaculture Technology Service Station,Haining 314400,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院生命科学学院,湖州313002 [2]浙江省农业科学院水生生物研究所,杭州310021 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [4]海宁市鸿海养殖有限公司,海宁314400 [5]海宁市水产技术服务站,海宁314400

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2024年第9期2112-2123,共12页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：浙江省农业(水产)新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02069-4)。

摘　　要：红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)是一种世界性养殖的淡水经济虾类,目前在我国许多地区均有养殖。为了解我国红螯螯虾不同地区及人工选育群体遗传多样性和遗传结构,本研究分别利用15对和20对微卫星标记对10个不同地区红螯螯虾养殖群体和3个世代选育群体进行遗传多样性分析,结果显示,10个养殖群体的平均等位基因数(number of alleles, Na)为5.867~6.867,平均有效等位基因数(effective number of alleles, Ne)为3.090~3.857,香农指数(shannon's diversity index, H')均大于1,平均观测杂合度(observed heterozygosity, Ho)和平均期望杂合度(expected heterozygosity, He)均大于0.5,平均多态信息含量(polymorphism information content, PIC)为0.531~0.595。此外,10个不同地区红螯螯虾养殖群体的基因流(number of migrants per generation, Nm)为11.343~32.526,遗传分化指数(genetic differentiation coefficient, Fst)为0.008~0.027,遗传距离(genetic distance, D)为0.024~0.090,遗传相似系数(genetic similarity index, I)为0.914~0.977。基于D构建的聚类图显示,潮汕与南通、珠海、台湾地区和平湖群体聚为一个分支,无锡与淮安、海南、诸暨群体聚为一个分支,而汕尾群体单独聚为一个分支。分析3个世代的选育群体发现,其遗传多样性参数发生明显下降,其中,Ho从0.663下降到0.638,H'从1.449下降到1.372,Na从3.509下降到3.303,PIC从0.640下降到0.635,说明通过人工选育导致群体上述各项指标均有所降低。同时,随着选育世代数增加,I从0.961逐渐降低到0.931、D从0.044逐渐升高至0.07,而相邻世代间的I从0.957升高至0.960、Nm从26.262升高至29.895,Fst在渐次变小,其中,选育1代与选育2代间Fst值为0.009,而选育2代与选育3代群体间Fst值降为0.008,进一步说明累代人工选育导致世代间遗传相似性降低,遗传距离增加,世代间的遗传分化逐渐增大。以上研究结果表明,我国不同地区红螯螯虾群体无明显遗传分化,The worldwide cultivated freshwater economic crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is also extensively farmed in various regions of our country.To investigate the genetic diversity and structure of different regions and artificially bred populations of C.quadricarinatus in China,This study conducted analysis on 10 regional aquaculture populations and 3 generations of selectively bred populations using a panel of 15 and 20 microsatellite markers.The results revealed that among the 10 aquaculture populations,the average number of alleles(Na)ranged from 5.867 to 6.867,while the average number of effective alleles(Ne)ranged from 3.090 to 3.857.Additionally,all populations exhibited a Shannon index(H')greater than 1,with both mean observed heterozygosity(Ho)and mean expected heterozygosity(He)exceeding 0.5.The average polymorphism information content(PIC)ranged from 0.531 to 0.595.In addition,the number of migrants per generation(Nm)in 10 different regions ranged from 11.343 to 32.526.The genetic differentiation index(Fst)ranged from 0.008 to 0.027,the genetic distance(D)ranged from 0.024 to 0.090,and the genetic similarity coefficient(I)ranged from 0.914 to 0.977.The cluster map constructed based on D showed that Chaoshan and Nantong,Zhuhai,Taiwan region and Pinghu groups cluster into a branch,Wuxi and Huaian,Hainan and Zhuji groups cluster into a branch,and Shanwei groups cluster into a branch alone.Analysis of the selectively bred populations over 3 generations revealed a significant decrease in genetic diversity parameters.In which,Ho decreased from 0.663 to 0.638,H'decreased from 1.449 to 1.372,Na decreased from 3.509 to 3.303,and PIC decreased from 0.640 to 0.635,indicating a decrease in these parameters due to artificial selection.Furthermore,with increasing generations,the parameter I gradually declined from 0.961 to 0.931 while D steadily increased from 0.044 to 0.07 between consecutive generations.However,the I between adjacent generations increased from 0.957 to 0.960,and Nm increased from 26.262 to 29.895.Fst de

关 键 词：红螯螯虾 养殖群体 选育群体 遗传多样性 遗传结构 

分 类 号：S966.12[农业科学—水产养殖]