《用益法》颁布的历史考察  

A Historical Investigation on the Enactment of the Statute of Uses

作　　者：潘程 PAN Cheng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法律史学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2024年第3期49-64,127,共17页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：中国政法大学校级人文社会科学研究项目“信息渠道视域下传统国家治理与法治建设”(24CXTD03)资助。

摘　　要：都铎王朝时颁布的《用益法》等法令对普通法地权制度影响深远。用益使得土地保有人规避了领主权益,实现了处置土地的自由。原本亨利八世试图在议会中通过立法以重新获得作为领主的封建权益,然而被下议院否决。随后,国王借助达克雷案转而通过司法手段实现目的,最终迫使议会妥协,推动了《用益法》的颁布。普通法律师试图利用法律手段规避《用益法》,国王不得已作出妥协,导致《遗嘱法》的出台。《用益法》颁布的前后过程展示出国王与贵族、乡绅在议会上的复杂博弈,以及王权与司法权的互动。The enactment of the Statue of Uses during the Tudor period,had a profound impact on the land tenure system in Common Law.The“use”allowed tenants to circumvent the rights of landlords and got freedom to disposing of land.Originally,Henry VIII attempted to regain his and other lords’feudal rights by legislation in parliament,but was rejected by the House of Commons.Subsequently,he utilized the case of Lord Dacre to carry out his intention by judicial means,and forced the parliament to compromise ultimately,promoting the enactment of the Statute of Uses.However,the common lawyers tried to circumvent the Statute of Uses by legal means,and the king had no choice but to compromise,leading to the enactment of the Statute of Wills.The process of the enactment of the Statute of Uses demonstrated the complex game between the king,nobles and gentries in parliament,as well as the interaction between royal power and judicial power.

关 键 词：亨利八世 《用益法》 《遗嘱法》议会 

分 类 号：D956.1[政治法律—法学] DD913