2022年德阳市公共场所从业人员自报健康状况及影响因素分析  

Self-reported health status and related influencing factors among employees in public places in Deyang,China,2022

作　　者：苏继艳 董洪[1] 张辉[1] 郑玲[1] 曾玲 SU Ji-yan;DONG Hong;ZHANG Hui;ZHENG Ling;ZENG Ling(Deyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Deyang 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]德阳市疾病预防控制中心,德阳618000

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2024年第7期572-577,共6页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：德阳市公共场所健康危害因素监测项目。

摘　　要：目的分析德阳市公共场所从业人员自报健康状况及影响因素,针对健康影响因素提出干预措施。方法2022年抽取德阳市宾馆、沐浴场所、游泳场所、美容店、理发店、商场(超市)、健身房、候车室8类共50家,每家场所随机抽10名工龄1年以上的从业人员开展健康状况问卷调查(不足10人按实际人数),共调查648人次,调查内容包括人员基本信息、工作环境卫生状况、健康相关行为等资料,不良症状自报率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,影响因素的分析采用多因素Logistic回归模型。结果2022年德阳市8类50家公共场所近一个月有不良症状的从业人员310人次(47.8%),无不良症状的从业人员338人次(52.2%)。χ^(2)分析显示噪声污染、环境潮湿、有苍蝇、老鼠或蟑螂、通风效果较差、有霉味、自来水有异味、工作时主动佩戴防护口罩、一个月内经常锻炼、被动吸烟、饮酒对从业人员的不良症状自报率的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic结果显示环境潮湿和被动吸烟是从业人员不良症状发生的危险因素,OR(95%CI)分别为3.474(1.707,7.071)、1.806(1.249,2.610);工作时主动佩戴防护口罩和经常锻炼是从业人员不良症状发生的保护因素,OR(95%CI)分别为0.114(0.031,0.417)、0.648(0.429,0.981)。结论德阳市公共场所从业人员不良症状自报率较低,环境潮湿、工作时佩戴防护口罩、个人健康行为、被动吸烟等是影响因素,建议管理部门应保证良好的工作环境,加强从业人员卫生知识培训,确保规范的个人防护措施,保护从业人员健康。Objective To investigate the self-reported health status of employees at different public places in Deyang,China,put forward intervention measures for health influencing factors.Methods A total of 50 hotels,bathing places,swimming pools,beauty salons,barbershops,shopping malls(supermarkets),gyms and waiting rooms in Deyang were selected in 2022.Ten employees with a length of service of more than 1 year were randomly selected at each place,and a questionnaire survey was conducted for the health status of the employees(the actual number of employees was recorded if there were less than 10 employees).A total of 648 employees were surveyed in terms of basic information,sanitary conditions of working environment,and health-related behaviors.The chi-square test was used for comparison of the self-report rate of adverse symptoms,and the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for the adverse symptoms of employees.Results In 2022,among the employees at 50 public places belonging to 8 categories in Deyang,310 employees(47.8%)had adverse symptoms in the past month,while 338(52.2%)without adverse symptoms.The chi-square analysis showed that noise pollution,humid environment,flies,rats or cockroaches,poor ventilation,mildew,abnormal taste of tap water,actively wearing protective masks during work,frequent exercise within one month,passive smoking,and drinking had significant impacts on the self-report rate of adverse symptoms(P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that humid environment(odds ratio[OR]=3.474,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.707-7.071)and passive smoking(OR=1.806,95%CI:1.249-2.610)were risk factors for adverse symptoms in employees,and actively wearing protective masks during work(OR=0.114,95%CI:0.031-0.417)and regular exercise(OR=0.648,95%CI:0.429-0.981)were protective factors against adverse symptoms in employees.Conclusion There is a relatively low self-report rate of adverse symptoms among employees at public places in Deyang,and humid environmen

关 键 词：公共场所 从业人员 影响因素 

分 类 号：R126[医药卫生—环境卫生学]