2017-2022年陕西省某市农村生活饮用水中5种金属及类金属健康风险  

Health risks of five metals and metalloids in drinking water in rural areas of a city in Shaanxi Province,China,2017-2022

作　　者：胡苗苗 夏云婷[1] 王丽[1] 熊传龙[1] HU Miao-miao;XIA Yun-ting;WANG Li;XIONG Chuan-long(Rural drinking water monitoring division,National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance,Chinese Center for Disease Control Prevention,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心农村改水技术指导中心农村饮水监测室,北京102200

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2024年第7期597-602,共6页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

摘　　要：目的评估2017-2022年陕西省某市农村生活饮用水中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(VI,Cr^(6+))、铅(Pb)及汞(Hg)5种金属及类金属的健康风险。方法分析陕西省某市2017-2022年间4153份农村生活饮用水监测数据,应用美国环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评估模型计算不同暴露水平下不同暴露水平下5种金属及类金属经饮水途径对当地居民所致的健康风险。结果陕西省某市2017-2022年农村饮用水中5种金属及类金属在一般暴露水平下经饮水途径所致的总危害指数(HI)为0.344,总致癌风险(R_(T))为3.99×10^(-4);高暴露水平下经饮水途径所致的HI为1.81,R_(T)为1.99×10^(-3)。浓度分层分析表明Cd、Cr^(6+)和Hg的浓度在枯水期均高于丰水期;江河水中As、Cd、Cr^(6+)和Pb的浓度均高于其他类型水源水,浅井水中Hg的浓度较高;部分处理水样中5种金属及类金属的浓度均高于未处理和完全处理水样。健康风险分层分析表明,经饮水途径摄入5种金属及类金属,男性的健康风险高于女性、儿童高于成人。结论陕西省某市2017-2022年农村饮用水中5种金属及类金属一般暴露水平下的非致癌风险及总危害指数均未超过可接受风险值,高暴露水平下总危害指数超出可接受风险值;Cr^(6+)无论是一般暴露水平还是高暴露水平,其致癌风险均略高于最大可接受风险(10^(-6)~10^(-4)),在风险管理中应重点关注。Objective To evaluate the health risks of arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),hexavalent chromium(Cr^(6+)),lead(Pb),and mercury(Hg)in drinking water in the rural areas of a city in Shaanxi Province,China,2017-2022.Methods The monitoring data of 4153 drinking water samples in rural areas of a city in Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed.The health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA)was used to calculate the health risks of five metals and metalloids to local residents through drinking water at different exposure levels.Results At general exposure level,the total hazard index(HI)of five metals and metalloids in drinking water in the rural areas was 0.344,and the total cancer risk(R_(T))was 3.99×10^(-4).At high exposure level,HI was 1.81 and R_(T)was 1.99×10^(-3).Concentration stratification analysis showed that the concentrations of Cd,Cr^(6+),and Hg were higher in the dry season than in the wet season.The concentrations of As,Cd,Cr^(6+),and Pb were higher in river water than in other types of source water,and the concentration of Hg was the highest in shallow well water.The concentrations of five metals and metalloids were higher in partially treated water samples than in untreated and completely treated water samples.The health risk stratification analysis showed that the health risks of five metals and metalloids through drinking water were higher in men than in women and higher in children than in adults.Conclusion The non-carcinogenic risk and total hazard index of the five metals and metalloids in drinking water in the rural areas of a city in Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2022 did not exceed the acceptable values at general exposure level,and the total hazard index exceeded the acceptable value at high exposure level.The carcinogenic risk of Cr^(6+)was slightly higher than the maximum acceptable value in the range of 10^(-6)-10^(-4)at both general and high exposure levels,and thus Cr^(6+)warrants special attention in risk management.

关 键 词：健康风险评估 农村生活饮用水 金属及类金属 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]