2021年菏泽市大气PM_(2.5)中金属和类金属污染特征及健康风险  

Characteristics and carcinogenic risk of metal and metalloid pollution in ambient PM_(2.5)in Heze,China,2021

作　　者：张慧 张翠霞[1] 张惠珠 李大磊[1] 王颖[1] 李仁波[2] ZHANG Hui;ZHANG Cui-xia;ZHANG Hui-zhu;LI Da-lei;WANG Ying;LI Ren-bo(Heze Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Heze 274000,China;Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]菏泽市疾病预防控制中心,菏泽274000 [2]山东省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2024年第7期603-608,616,共7页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

摘　　要：目的探讨菏泽市大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中金属和类金属元素的污染特征、来源,并评估其人群健康风险。方法在菏泽市牡丹区、定陶区分别设置1个大气PM_(2.5)采样点,于2021年每月10-16日采集大气PM_(2.5)滤膜样品并检测分析样品中锑(Sb)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)、锰(Mn)等12种金属和类金属含量;运用富集因子分析、相关性分析推测金属和类金属元素的可能来源;依据《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777-2021)风险评估模型,对儿童、成人经吸入途径吸入金属和类金属的健康风险进行评估。结果菏泽市大气PM_(2.5)质量浓度为61.0μg/m 3,两区大气PM_(2.5)中金属和类金属质量浓度排在前四位的为:铝(Al)>锰(Mn)>铅(Pb)>铬(Cr),从季节分布变化特征看,多数金属和类金属浓度在不同季节差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),冬春季高于夏秋季。健康风险评估显示,Mn在儿童人群非致癌风险HQ>1,其它金属和类金属非致癌风险HQ在各年龄人群均<1,As、Cr致癌风险值CR分别在3.8×10^(-6)~5.1×10^(-6)、2.7×10^(-6)~3.6×10^(-6)之间,As、Cr在儿童、成年人群均存在潜在的致癌风险。结论菏泽市通过呼吸途摄入PM_(2.5)中的As、Cr对人群健康存在潜在健康风险,应作为重点关注的元素从源头上予以控制。Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics,sources and access the health risks of metal and metalloid elements in ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in Heze city,China.Methods PM_(2.5)filter samples were collected in Mudan district and Dingtao district of Heze from the 10th to 16th days of each month in 2021.The mass concentrations of 12 types of metals and metalloids including antimony(Sb),arsenic(As),plumbum(Pb),manganese(Mn),etc.in samples were measured.The source apportionment analysis was conducted using the enrichment factor and correlation analyses.Health risks were evaluated by age according to the risk assessment model in Technical Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances(WS/T 777-2021)Results The mass concentration of PM_(2.5)in the atmosphere in Heze city was 61.0μg/m 3.Metals and metalloids at the top four concentrations in ambient PM_(2.5)in the two districts were Al>Mn>Pb>Cr.The seasonal differences of most metals and metalloids were statistically significant(P<0.05),and the concentrations in winter and spring seasons were higher than those in summer and autumn seasons.The noncarcinogenic risk hazard quotient values of Mn in children was higher than 1.The noncarcinogenic risk hazard quotient values of other metal and metalloid elements in all age populations were less than 1.The incremental lifetime cancer risk values of As and Cr were 3.8×10^(-6)-5.1×10^(-6)and 2.7×10^(-6)-3.6×10^(-6),respectively,showing potential carcinogenic risks in populations of all ages.Conclusion As and Cr in PM_(2.5)in Heze city have potential carcinogenic risks to human health through respiratory pathway,which be controlled with more attention.

关 键 词：细颗粒物(PM_(2.5)) 元素 来源分析 健康风险 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]