从德属西南非洲到东欧“生存空间”--论施林克代际小说《奥尔加》的多向度记忆书写  

From German South West Africa to Eastern Europe’s“Living Space”:On the Multidirectional Memory Writing in Schlink’s Generation Novel Olga

作　　者：庄玮 ZHUANG Wei(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期15-23,共9页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“德国当代自传体家庭小说的后记忆书写研究”。

摘　　要：施林克代际小说《奥尔加》在家庭记忆框架下,虚构化、多视角地描绘了德国20世纪三代人的生平故事,以宏大叙事展现了德国20世纪动荡历史的全貌。小说呈现出多向度记忆书写的特征,揭示了德国殖民主义和纳粹主义意识形态在“殖民种族主义”意义上的相似性和连贯性,着重展现了德国殖民者在德属西南非洲屠杀赫雷罗人以及纳粹侵占东欧“生存空间”的内在关联。小说提醒读者,在看待20世纪上半叶灾难性的历史事件时,不应采取简化或激进的立场,而应结合当前热议的多向度记忆话语,在理性和全面的反思基础上,相互指涉和对话式地探讨德国殖民史和纳粹史罪责共同的政治史和思想史根源,例如种族和文明优越论、俾斯麦的德意志民族主义和军国主义思想以及尼采的超人哲学等。Bernhard Schlink's intergenerational novel Olga set within the framework of family memory,employs fictionalization and multiple perspectives to narrate the life stories of three generations in 20th century Germany,unveiling the full scope of Germany's tumultuous history during that period.The novel writes multidirectional memory in the sense of Rothberg and Zimmerer,revealing the similarities and continuities between German colonialism and Nazi ideology in terms of“colonial racism”.It particularly highlights the intrinsic link between the genocide committed by German colonizers against the Herero in German South West Africa and the Nazi appropriation of the“living space”in Eastern Europe.The novel urges readers not to adopt simplistic or radical stances when considering the catastrophic events of Germany's history in the first half of the 20th century.Instead,it advocates for a rational and comprehensive reflection on Germany's colonial and Nazi histories by engaging with the currently discussed multidirectional memory discourse,exploring the common political and intellectual roots of these histories,such as theories of racial and civilizational superiority,Bismarck's German nationalism and militarism,and Nietzsche's philosophy of“übermensch”.

关 键 词：赫雷罗人 种族屠杀 生存空间 《奥尔加》 多向度记忆 

分 类 号：I516.074[文学—其他各国文学]