跨界水配置:美墨法律机制及其对中哈的启示  

Transboundary water allocation:the U.S.-Mexico legal mechanism and its inspirations for China and Kazakhstan

作　　者：胡德胜 王栋梁 张竹溪 HU Desheng;WANG Dongliang;ZHANG Zhuxi(Law School,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044;AECC Shenyang Engine Institute,Shenyang 110163,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400044 [2]中国航发沈阳发动机研究所,沈阳110163

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第7期70-78,共9页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(19XFX012)资助。

摘　　要：全球气候变化和用水量日益增长,不断加剧国家之间尤其是它们涉及干旱半干旱地区的跨界水资源矛盾。建立和完善跨界水配置法律机制是解决这一问题的重要路径。美墨在近120年的跨界水配置法律机制建设和完善过程中积累了不少可供中哈吸取的经验教训。运用历史、比较和文本分析的研究方法,从演进过程和核心内容两个方面梳理美墨跨界水配置法律机制,讨论其经验和教训。发现的启示:美墨跨界水配置法律机制在渐进式的立法策略、一体化的管理机构、刚弹结合的配置措施以及大量必要的硬软工程4个方面的经验可供中哈借鉴,于支撑性法律文件缺乏系统性、联合机构对生态环境重视不够以及美墨分水关系存在较大失衡风险3个方面的教训需要中哈吸取。Global climate change and increasing water consumption continue to exacerbate transboundary water conflicts among/between countries,especially when they involve arid and/or semi-arid regions.Establishing and/or improving a legal mechanism for transboundary water allocation is an important approach to address this issue.The United States of America and the United Mexican States have accumulated a number of experiences and lessons in doing this during nearly 120 years that could be learned by China and Kazakhstan.In order to discuss the U.S.-Mexico's value for China and Kazakhstan in terms of experience and lessons,the research methods of historical,comparative and textual analysis are employed,and the U.S.-Mexico legal mechanism in terms of its evolution and core content is sort out.It is found that,the following four aspects of U.S.-Mexico experiences could be taken by China and Kazakhstan,i.e.,progressive legislative strategy,integrated management organization,combination of rigid and elastic allocation measures,and a large number of necessary hard and soft engineering.While three aspects of the lessons could be learned by China and Kazakhstan,i.e.,lack of systematicity of supporting legislations,insufficient attention to eco-environment by the joint organization,and existence of a greater risk of imbalance in the U.S.-Mexico water allocation.

关 键 词：跨界水 水配置 法律机制 美国-墨西哥 中国-哈萨克斯坦 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]