精神损害赔偿继承的限制与转向  

Limitation and Diversion of Inheritance of Mental Damage Compensation

作　　者：刘志阳 LIU Zhi-yang

机构地区：[1]江苏大学 [2]最高人民检察院民事检察研究基地(东南大学民事检察研究中心)

出　　处：《当代法学》2024年第5期75-86,共12页Contemporary Law Review

基　　金：江苏大学高级专业人才科研启动基金项目“民法典适用中的重大疑难问题研究”(5501350009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》生效之前的司法实践和理论对精神损害赔偿请求权的让与和继承作了限制性解释。从限制论的内容及渊源来看,该理论主要借鉴了德国法的规定,这一限制性规定主要是基于人格权的高度专属性以及抚慰金的抚慰功能。但是随着社会发展,德国、瑞士、日本等国在司法实践中都摈弃了严格的限制论。精神损害赔偿请求权为纯金钱债权,并不存在所谓的人身专属性。此外,限制论会带来被侵权人“与时间赛跑”、权利体系混乱、遗产继承人权利减损等问题。基于此,应突破我国既往裁判和理论中的限制解释,不应对《民法典》第1122条进行限缩解释。Article 1122 of the Civil Code of our country stipulates that the inheritance which cannot be inherited according to the provisions of law or according to the nature shall not be inherited,but the transfer and inheritance of the right to claim compensation for mental damage are not clearly stipulated.The judicial practice and theory before the entry into force of the Civil Code gave a restrictive interpretation of the transfer and inheritance of the right to claim compensation for mental damage,which is embodied in the Article 18,paragraph 2,of the 2003 Interpretation of Personal Damage Compensation:In principle,the right to claim compensation for mental damage shall not be transferred or inherited,except in the cases in which the indemnity obligor has promised in writing to pay monetary compensation,or the indemnity right holder has filed a lawsuit with the people's court.This article mainly draws on the provisions of the original article 847 of the German Civil Code,and the restrictive provisions in this article are mainly based on the strong personal exclusivity of the personality right and the consolation offered by the comfort money.However,from the perspective of comparative law,Germany,Switzerland,Japan and other countries have gradually abandoned the strict restriction theory in judicial practice.The revised Interpretation of Personal Damage Compensation in 2020 has deleted the content of paragraph 2 of the original article 18,which leaves room for reinterpretation of the inheritance of the right to claim compensation for moral damage.However,from the perspective of our judicial practice,the court still restricts the infringed's right to claim for spiritual damage according to the previous judicial interpretation,and only recognizes the infringed's heir's right to claim for spiritual damage,which is extremely disadvantageous to the protection of the infringed's rights,mainly for the following reasons:Firstly,the right to claim compensation for mental damage is a pure monetary claim,and there is no so-call

关 键 词：精神损害赔偿 继承限制 与时间赛跑 慰抚功能 预防功能 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]